了解阀门驱动：手动、电动、气动和液压（中英文）

阀门驱动是指打开或关闭阀门的过程。阀门执行器可以手动操作，也可以使用电力、压缩空气或流体驱动。每种类型都有各自的优缺点和使用场景。

请注意，除了动力源外，还必须指定阀门执行器的运动类型。旋转阀门执行器产生旋转或“旋转”类型的运动，适用于操作四分之一回转阀门，例如球阀、蝶阀和旋塞阀。线性阀门执行器产生线性或“直线”类型的运动，适用于操作闸阀、截止阀和夹管阀。

Valve actuation is the process of opening or closing a valve. The valve actuator can be operated manually by hand or powered using electricity, compressed air, or fluid. Each type has its own pros, cons, and use cases.

Note that besides the power source, the valve actuator motion type must also be specified. Rotary valve actuators produce a rotational or ‘turning’ type of motion, which is suited to operating quarter turn valves such as ball, butterfly and plug valves. Linear valve actuators produce a linear or ‘straight-line’ type of motion, which is suited to operating gate, globe and pinch valves.

阀门执行器的类型

Types of Valve Actuators

手动阀门执行器

Manual Valve Actuators

杠杆操作球阀

Lever operated ball valve

手动执行器由手动操作。这类执行器包括杠杆、手轮、T 型键和齿轮传动装置。手动执行器通常用于不需要自动化的系统。它们比电动执行器更便宜，并且通常适用于低压应用。手动阀门也可用作备用关闭阀，以防主自动紧急关闭阀 (ESD) 发生故障。手动执行器包括杠杆球阀、手轮闸阀和齿轮箱蝶阀。

Manual actuators are operated by hand. Examples of these actuators include levers, handwheels, T-keys and gear drives. Manual actuation is often used in systems where automation is not required. They are cheaper than their actuated counterparts, and are generally suited to low pressure applications. Manual valves may also be used as backup shutdown valves, in case the primary automated emergency shutdown valve (ESD) fails. Examples of hand actuators include lever ball valves, handwheel gate valves and gearbox butterfly valves.

手动阀门的优势

Advantages of manual valves

• 它是最经济的阀门驱动方式。

• 无需依赖外部电源。

• 设计更简单，部件更少，使这些阀门故障率更低，维护更方便。

• It is the cheapest type of valve actuation.

• Does not depend on an external power source.

• Simpler design with fewer components, making these valves less likely to fail and easier to maintain.

手动阀门的缺点

Disadvantages of manual valves

• 操作大型阀门可能比较困难，尤其是在高压应用中。可能需要旁通阀或平衡阀。

• 不适用于自动化系统，因为它们无法远程、自动或基于控制系统反馈进行操作。

• 开启和关闭速度可能较慢，尤其是对于大型线性运动阀门，例如闸阀。

• Operating large valves can be difficult, particularly in high-pressure applications. Bypass or balancing valves may be required.

• Not suitable for automated systems, as they can’t be operated remotely, automatically, or based on control system feedback.

• Can be slow to open and close, especially for large, linear motion valves, such as gate valves.

常见的手动阀门应用

Common manual valve applications

• 阀门维护

• 住宅和商业管道

• 散装管道隔离阀

• Maintenance valves

• Residential and commercial plumbing

• Bulk pipeline isolation valves

电动阀门执行器

Electric Valve Actuators

配有电动执行器的球阀

Ball valve fitted with electric actuator

电动执行器利用电力产生机械运动，通常通过电动机和齿轮组实现。电动阀门执行器适用于需要精确控制阀门位置的应用，以及需要远程阀门驱动并与工厂控制系统集成的自动化工厂。电动阀门执行器可以提供线性或旋转运动来打开和关闭阀门。电动阀门的示例包括用于开关控制的电磁阀和用于调节工艺过程中流体流量的电动截止阀。

Electric actuators use electricity to develop mechanical motion, typically through an electric motor and gear assembly. Electric valve actuators are suited to applications that require precise control over valve position, as well as automated plants that require remote valve actuation and integration with plant control systems. Linear or rotary motion can be provided to open and close valves. Examples of electric actuated valves include solenoid valves used for on-off control, and electric actuated globe valves used to regulate fluid flow in a process.

电动阀门执行器的优势

Advantages of electric valve actuators

• 可快速开启和关闭阀门。

• 精度高。

• 易于与自动化控制系统集成。

• 提供节能高效的执行解决方案。

• 与其他电动执行器相比，更清洁、更安静。

• Can open and close valves quickly.

• Offers a high degree of precision.

• Simple to integrate with automated control systems.

• Provides an energy efficient actuation solution.

• Clean and silent when compared to other powered actuators.

电动阀门执行器的缺点

Disadvantages of electric valve actuators

• 如果超出其工作等级或服务范围使用，可能会过热并导致性能下降。

• 不适用于需要高输出扭矩的大型阀门或高压应用。

• May overheat and degrade if used outside its duty class or service classifications.

• Not suitable for large valves or high pressure applications, where a high output torque is required.

电动执行器常见应用

Common electric actuator applications

• 自动化水厂

• 制造设施中的过程控制

• 供暖、通风和空调 (HVAC) 系统

• Automated water plants

• Process control in manufacturing facilities

• Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems

气动阀门执行器

Pneumatic Valve Actuators

配有气动执行器的蝶阀

Butterfly valve fitted with pneumatic actuator

气动执行器利用气压产生运动。压缩空气在腔室内积聚，并推动活塞或隔膜，进而推动执行器和阀杆，从而打开或关闭阀门。气动阀门执行器通常用于需要快速、规律运动的系统中。

Pneumatic actuators use air pressure to generate motion. The compressed air builds up within a chamber, and pushes against a piston or diaphragm, which in turn moves the actuator and valve stem, opening or closing the valve. Pneumatic valve actuators are commonly found in systems that require fast, regular motion.

气动阀门执行器的优势

Advantages of pneumatic valve actuators

• 与其他执行器相比，价格相对便宜。

• 响应速度快，动作迅速。

• 设置和维护简单。

• Relatively cheap, when compared to other actuators.

• Provides fast response times and rapid movement.

• Simple to set up and maintain.

气动阀门执行器的缺点

Disadvantages of pneumatic valve actuators

• 需要单独的气源基础设施。

• 漏气容易降低效率。

• 运行噪音大，排气时会发出嘶嘶声或吹气声。

• Requires separate air supply infrastructure.

• Air leaks tend to reduce efficiency.

• Operation is noisy, with a hissing or blowing sound accompanying air release.

气动执行器常见应用

Common pneumatic actuator applications

• 制造过程中操作机械

• 控制输送系统

• 生产设施中的自动化装配线

• Operating machinery in manufacturing processes

• Controlling conveyor systems

• Automating assembly lines in production facilities

液压阀门执行器

Hydraulic Valve Actuators

液压缸是线性液压执行器的组成部分

A hydraulic cylinder, which is an integral component of linear hydraulic actuators

液压执行器使用加压流体（通常是油）推动气缸内的活塞或叶片，产生线性或旋转运动。液压阀门执行器可用于打开或关闭阀门，或控制阀门的位置。双作用执行器向活塞的两侧施加压力，从而实现开启和关闭方向的受控运动。单作用执行器仅向活塞的一侧施加压力，依靠重力、弹簧或其他形式的辅助关闭装置。

液压执行器通常用于需要极大操作力的应用中，例如石油天然气、发电和采矿行业中的重型工业流程。

Hydraulic actuators use pressurized fluid, usually oil, to push a piston or vane housed within a cylinder, developing linear or rotary motion. Hydraulic valve actuators can be used to move a valve open and closed, or control a valve’s position. Double acting actuators apply pressure to both sides of the piston, allowing for controlled movement in both open and closed directions. Single acting actuators apply pressure to one side of the piston only, relying on gravity, springs, or other forms of assisted closure.

Hydraulic actuators are commonly found in applications that require very large operating forces, such as heavy-duty industrial processes within the oil and gas, power generation and mining industries

液压阀门执行器的优势

Advantages of hydraulic valve actuators

• 能够产生强大的推力，因此可在高压应用中操作大型阀门。

• 坚固耐用的设计，可承受恶劣条件。

• 在泵或电源发生故障时，仍能保持阀门位置，从而提高安全性。

• Capable of generating substantial forces, hence they can operate large valves in high pressure applications.

• Durable and robust design which can withstand harsh conditions.

• Can maintain valve position in the event of a pump or power failure, allowing for added safety.

液压阀门执行器的缺点

Disadvantages of hydraulic valve actuators

• 需要许多辅助部件，包括储液罐、泵和阀门。

• 液压油泄漏会影响性能，并造成环境危害。

• 与其他类型的执行器相比成本相对较高。

• 维护复杂。

• Requires many auxiliary components, including a fluid reservoir, pumps and valves.

• Hydraulic fluid leaks can compromise performance, and pose environmental hazards.

• Relatively high cost compared to other actuator types.

• Complex maintenance is required.

常见应用

Common Applications

• 涡轮主进水阀通常采用液压驱动制动装置

• 承受高压差的大直径控制阀通常使用液压执行器。例如，用于水坝出口流量控制的液压驱动套筒阀。

• 车辆制动系统

• Turbine main inlet valves typically employ hydraulic actuated brake units

• Large diameter control valves subjected to high differential pressures commonly use hydraulic actuators. An example is hydraulic actuated sleeve valves used for dam outlet flow control.

• Vehicle braking systems

手动、电动、气动和液压执行器

Manual vs. Electric vs. Pneumatic vs. Hydraulic Actuators

下表总结了常见阀门自动化选项的主要特点。

The table below summarizes the key features of common types of valve automation options.

关于阀门执行器的总结

Closing Thoughts on Valve Actuators

了解不同类型的阀门执行器对于为用户的系统选择最佳的执行器阀门至关重要。无论是安装新阀门还是维护现有系统，选择最佳的高质量执行器阀门都能提升系统的性能和使用寿命。

Understanding the different types of valve actuators is crucial in selecting the best actuated valve for your system. Whether you're installing new valves or maintaining an existing system, choosing the best, high quality actuated valves can enhance your system’s performance and longevity.