如何根据应用选择商业和工业布线设备

接线装置款式各异，专为特定市场而设计。了解这些独特的款式、功能、合规性以及使用注意事项，有助于确保选择最适合应用的设备。

首先，介绍一些有助于理解行业术语的定义（本文仅使用基本定义）。

Wiring devices come in unique styles, designed for specific markets. Understanding the unique styles, features, code compliance and use considerations will help ensure you choose the best device for your application.

First, a few definitions that will help with terminology used in the industry (I’ll just use basic definitions in this discussion).

插头——通常指公插头。这部分连接有外露的插片，可插入插座或连接器。想象一下手机充电器、家用电器或延长线。它连接到插座，为任何插入的设备供电。此外，还有公插座（下文将介绍），连接器可插入其中——更多详情请见下文。插头可以模压在电线上，例如延长线或电源线，也可以作为独立部件机械连接。有些插头甚至配有内置指示灯，用于指示电源状态。

Plug – often referred to a Male Plug. This part of the connection has exposed blades that insert into a receptacle or Connector. Think of our phone charger, a home appliance or extension cord. This connects to a receptacle that provides power to whatever you are plugging in. There are also Male Inlets, explained below, that a connector would plug into – more on that below. Plugs can be molded to the cord, as in an extension or power cord, or they can be mechanically attached as a separate piece. Some can even have an internal light to show the presence of power.

连接器——通常称为母插座、母连接器或插座，用于将电源传输至插头或任何需要供电的设备。从技术上讲，它位于延长线（模压式）的末端，或机械连接到电线（单独连接的部件）。与带灯插头一样，连接器也可以发光，表示插座有电。

Connector – often referred to as a Female Receptacle, Female Connector or Outlet that transfers power to a plug and whatever you are powering. Technically it would be on the end of an extension cord (molded style) or mechanically attached to a cord (separate part attached). Like the lighted plug, connectors can also be lit, showing there is power at the receptacle.

插座——插座，有时也称为墙壁插座，提供双工插座（两个插入点，或单个，只有一个插入点）。

Receptacles – receptacles, sometimes referred to as wall receptacles, are offered in a duplex (two spots to plug in to or, single, only one spot to plug into).

入口——用户可能会在电视背面找到入口，那里有一根电源线，该电源线连接到电视，电源侧端有一个插头，另一端有一个模制连接器。（模制连接器插入电视）。在此示例中，入口将电力从带有连接器（母头）的电线传输到电视背面的公头入口，该入口具有外露的插头叶片。除了电视，还可以在台式电脑上看到这些。在工业领域，在剪刀升降机、卡车加热器和其他没有电线可插入的设备中也能发现这些，需要电线插入才能供电。入口意味着电线的公头位于需要供电的设备上，无需拖着电线插入电源。

Inlets – you might find inlets on the back of your TV where you have a power cord that is attached to the TV with a plug on the power side end and molded connector on the other. (The molded connector plugs in to the TV). Inlets, in this example transfer power from a cord with a connector (female) the male inlet on the back of the TV, which has exposed plug blades. In addition to TV’s, you’ll find these on desktop computers. In industry, you’ll find these on scissor lifts, truck heaters and other equipment that don’t have a cord to plug in, rather they need a cord to plug in to it for power. Inlets mean that the male side of the cord is on the units to be powered without, dragging around a cord to plug in for power.

出口——这类设备在家庭、办公室和工业领域随处可见。在工业应用中，你可能会在为延长线供电的面板上看到它们。插座的设计有直插式、锁定式以及插针式和套管式。

Outlets – these devices you find throughout your home, offices and in industry. You might find them in industrial applications on a panel supplying power to an extension cord. Outlets are designed in straight blade, locking and pin and sleeve applications.

规范合规性和接线设备一致性 - NEMA 配置

Code Compliance and wiring device uniformity – NEMA Configurations

NEMA 是什么？NEMA 是美国电气制造商协会 (NEMA) 的缩写，该协会负责制定规范和合规性，以确保母插头和母插座（无论是带锁式还是直式）能够相互匹配——这意味着无论在哪里找到插座，都可以连接类似配置的插头。想象一下，如果没有标准，尝试插入手机充电器将会是一项挑战。

Who is NEMA? NEMA stands for the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, which sets codes and compliance to ensure the female plug and receptacles, locking or straight, intermate – meaning wherever you find a receptacle you’d be able to attach your similar configured plug. Imagine if there were not any standards – trying to plug in your phone charger would be a challenge.

NEMA 配置 - NEMA 有多种不同的配置，旨在通过互配性确保安全。NEMA 配置通过极片（刀片）、电压和电流值进行区分。这确保了连接类似电压和电流值的设备时的安全。例如，250 伏的设备（例如空调或加热器）不会插入 125 伏（家中或工作场所的标准插座）中。

刀片配置也有独特的样式，有助于确保插头、连接器或插座保持连接。下文中简要解释这些样式。

NEMA Configurations - There are distinct NEMA configurations that are designed to ensure safety through intermateability. NEMA configurations are separated by poles (blades), voltage and amperage. This ensures safety when connecting similar voltages and amperages. For example, a 250-Volt device, think air conditioner or heater, would not plug into a 125-Volt, your standard receptacle in your home or in the workplace.

There are unique styles of blades configurations too that help ensure that plugs and connectors or receptacle stay attached. I’ll try and explain those briefly below.

· 直刀片 – 直刀片装置最为常见。可以在家中或工作场所找到它们，用于连接手机、电脑、烘干机、炉灶、工具和工具电池充电器。

· 锁定 – 锁定装置用于确保插头始终连接到锁定插座或连接器。移动设备时，如果电线、插头或连接器受到拉力，则使用锁定装置，以确保不会意外断开连接，从而造成潜在伤害。此外，还有微型锁定插头、连接器和插座。这些通常用于工业领域的低功率应用，以及普通尺寸设备占用过多空间的应用。

· 非NEMA – 非NEMA是指在NEMA配置设计之前最常见的设备。可能会在较旧的制造工厂中找到这些配置。有一些配置仍然存在，但许多已被更安全的NEMA配置所取代。有些非NEMA配置是专门为确保产品不会相互连接而设计的。

· Straight Blade – Straight Blade Devices are the most common. You find these throughout your home or at work to plug in your phone, computer, dryer, range, tools and battery chargers for tools.

· Locking – Locking devices are used to ensure that the plug stays attached to a locking receptacle or connector. These are used when there is tension on a cord and plug or connector when moving equipment around to ensure there is not an accidental disconnect, causing potential harm. There are also Miniature Locking Plugs, Connectors and Outlets. These are normally used in industry for low power applications and where normal sized devices would take up too much space.

· Non-Nema – Non-Nema refers to devices that were most often created before NEMA configurations were designed. You might find these configurations in older manufacturing facilities. There are a few configurations that still linger, but many have been replaced with safer Nema configurations. There are non-nema configurations designed intentionally to ensure products are not intermated.

国际配置——如果最近去过欧洲，可能会注意到那里的插座和插头组合风格有所不同，它们采用圆形插脚，电压更高，有时循环额定值也不同——通常是 60hz 和 50hz。60hz（北美大部分地区适用）和 50hz（世界不同地区可能适用）。了解两者的区别很重要，因为有些电器对循环额定值很敏感，连接到其中一种电器时可能无法正常工作。

International Configurations – if you’ve traveled to Europe recently you may have noticed a different style of receptacle and plug combination, this with round pins with higher voltages and sometimes different cycle ratings – typically 60hz and 50hz. 60hz (you’ll find in most of North America) and 50hz (you might find this in distinct parts of the world). It is important to know the difference as some electrical devices are sensitive to the cycle rating and will not work properly when connected to one or the other.

其他 NEMA 评级 – 还有其他几种 NEMA 评级，下面将介绍两种在行业中较为常见的评级 –

Other NEMA Ratings – there are several other NEMA ratings, I’ll touch on two that are more common to our industry –

· 耐腐蚀 – 这些设备配有镀镍刀片、触点和螺钉。这些设备可能用于海洋环境，或存在化学品或其他腐蚀性物质会损害耐用性或电接触，从而造成伤害的环境。

· 医院级设备 – 这些设备旨在承受医院环境的严苛考验，在这些环境中，设备可能会遭受冲击、挤压或在极端角度断开连接，从而损害电路和救生应用中的连接。观看任何热门的医院节目或亲眼目睹医院的环境；看到医院里推着推车，在生死攸关的时刻奔波，就能理解为什么需要医院级设备标准。

· Corrosion Resistant – these devices have nickel plated blades, contacts and screws. These devices might be used in Marine or environments where chemicals or other corrosive substances will compromise durability or electrical contact, causing harm.

· Hospital Grade Devices - These devices are designed to withstand the rigors of hospital environments where devices might face impact, potential to be crushed or disconnect at extreme angles, compromising circuits and connection in life saving applications. Watching any popular Hospital program on TV or seeing the environment yourself; with carts being raced around inside a hospital in life and death situations, you can understand why there are hospital grade device standards.

其他考虑因素——在选择合适的设备时，通常会面临一个既有的标准。在某些情况下，可能会首先考虑更换设备的原因——例如设备磨损，或者设备因潮湿、灰尘、污垢或腐蚀而失效，并选择更适合应用的设备——耐用性、环境适应性等。

无论是更换设备还是安装新设备，都需要考虑设备可能暴露的环境，以及其使用寿命期间可能面临的温度范围、灰尘、潮湿、冲击、室内或室外等严苛条件。在潮湿环境下，请考虑使用镀层刀片；内部防潮防尘密封，以防止污垢、灰尘和湿气顺着电源线进入设备，从而缩短其使用寿命。

Other Considerations – when selecting the right device, you are often faced with a standard that already exists In some of those situations you might consider why you are replacing the device in the first place – wear and tear or perhaps the device failed due to moisture, dust, dirt of corrosion and select a device more suitable for your application – durability, environmental worthiness, etc.

Whether you are replacing a device or installing something new, consider the environment the device might be exposed to and the rigors of temperature range, dust, damp, impact, indoor or outdoor that it will face in its service life. Consider plated blades for damp environments, internal moisture and dust seals to prevent integration of dirt, dust and moisture to migrate down the cord and into the device shortening its life.