警告信号的类型——视觉VS听觉

警告信号的类型 – 视觉

Types of Warning Signals – Visual

旋转信标

Rotating Beacons

抛物面反射器由电动机驱动，围绕信标垂直轴上的连续照明灯泡旋转，形成 360 度的强大光束。

这些装置配有灯丝或卤钨灯泡。一般来说，这种类型的信标的光输出程度高于其他型号，但由于抛物面反射器每次只照亮一个给定点，因此光输出会减少。

A parabolic reflector, driven by an electric motor, revolves around a continuously illuminated bulb on the vertical axis of the beacon creating a powerful beam of light travelling through 360 degrees.

These units are available with either a filament or a tungsten halogen bulb. In general, this type of beacon has a greater degree of light output than other models but this is reduced as the parabolic reflector only illuminates one given point at a time.

LED 信标

LED Beacons

发光二极管 (LED) 是一种半导体器件，当电流通过时会发出可见光。LED 技术融入警示信标的四大优势是：

• 低功率要求

• 高效率

• 超长寿命

• 单个信标外壳内有多种颜色信号选项。

它们可以设置为各种操作模式，包括闪烁、静态和旋转。一些信标具有声音和视觉组合选项。

A light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an electrical current passes through it. The four major benefits of LED technology incorporated into warning beacons are:

• Low power requirement

• High efficiency

• Very Long Life

• Multiple colour signal options in a single beacon enclosure.

They can be set in various modes of operation from Flashing, Static and Rotating. Some beacons have a combined Audible & Visual option.

氙气（频闪）信标

Xenon (Strobe) Beacons

通过转换电路工作的放电电容器点燃管内的氙气，产生耀眼的闪光。氙气几乎瞬间点燃，因此可立即获得最大亮度。如前所述，通过使用屈光（Fresnel）透镜，可以进一步改善信号。还提供“双闪光”选项，这可以延长信号持续时间，使其更容易被人眼注意到。

氙气具有低电流消耗和长寿命的额外优势。氙气信标的管寿命约为 500 万次闪光。这些装置是目前很高效的装置，结合了 360 度光输出和更明亮、更有效的视觉信号。

A discharge capacitor operating through a converter circuit ignites xenon gas inside a tube creating a brilliant flash of light. Xenon gas ignites virtually instantaneously so maximum brightness is obtained immediately. This signal can be improved further by the use of a Dioptric (Fresnel) lens as described earlier. In some models a ‘Double Flash’ option is also available this extends the signal duration making it more noticeable to the human eye.

Xenons have an added advantage of low current consumption combined with long life. The tube life of a xenon beacon is approximately 5 million flashes. These units are the most efficient available incorporating a 360 degree light output with the brightest and most effective visual signal.

亮度等级

Levels of Brightness

亮度取决于所选信标的类型、单位的额定功率输出（即瓦特和焦耳）、信号观测距离以及所用信标的圆顶颜色。一般来说，如果观测距离加倍，观测到的光强度会降低到四分之一，如果距离增加四倍，观测到的光强度会降低到十六分之一。

Brightness depends upon the type of beacon chosen, the rated power output of the unit i.e. Watts and Joules, the distance that the signal is observed from and the dome colour of the beacon used. In general, if the viewing distance is doubled, the light intensity observed is reduced to a quarter and if the distance is quadrupled the light intensity is reduced to a sixteenth.

有效坎德拉

Effective Candela

有效坎德拉是光源亮度的测量单位，它考虑了人眼对不同波长光的敏感度。因此，它比峰值或流明坎德拉更准确地测量了光源的实际感知亮度，因为峰值或流明坎德拉不反映这种敏感度。

使用有效坎德拉测量光输出是信标最合适的单位，因为它可以最准确地表示设备发出的光。这对于信标可见度至关重要的应用（例如紧急情况或工业应用）非常重要。

The effective candela is a measure of the brightness of a source of light that considers the sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light. It is therefore a more accurate measure of the actual perceived brightness of a light source than the peak or lumens candela, which do not reflect this sensitivity.

Using effective candela to measure light output is the most appropriate unit for beacons as it provides the most accurate representation of the light emitted by the device. This is important for applications where the visibility of the beacon is critical, such as in emergency situations or industrial applications.

信标透镜颜色

Beacon Lens Colours

光线穿过信标圆顶时，其强度会大大降低。降低的程度取决于：

• 所用光源的类型，即传统白炽灯、钨卤素灯、氙气灯或 LED。

• 所用信标透镜的颜色。

The intensity of the light can be greatly reduced as it passes through the dome of the beacon. The extent of this reduction is dependent upon:

• The type of light source used i.e. conventional Filament (Incandescent) Bulb, Tungsten Halogen Bulb, Xenon Tube or LED.

• The colour of the beacon lens that is used.

可供选择的镜片颜色如下表所示：

Lens colours available are shown in the below table:

下表给出了不同光源和灯罩颜色穿过灯罩的光的百分比。

The next table gives an indication of the percentage of light that will pass through the beacon dome for different light sources and dome colours.

圆顶的颜色向观察者传达不同的信息：

Dome colours convey different messages to the observer:

警告信号类型 – 声音

Types of Warning Signals – Audible

气喇叭

Air Horns

气喇叭是非电气设备，仅通过压缩空气供应运行。它们提供非常高的 dB 输出和非常低的频率声音，非常适合非常嘈杂的环境。由于是非电气设备，因此它们可用于危险区域 1 类用途。

Air horns are non-electrical devices that only operate from a compressed air supply. They offer very high dB output with very low frequency sound making them ideal for very noisy environments. Being non-electrical they can be used in hazardous area Category 1 use.

电子发声器

Electronic Sounders

电子发声器是当今市场上用途最广泛的声音警告设备。

此类产品具有多种音调和分贝选择，可满足大多数应用需求，并具有远程音调选择和语音激活的额外优势。

The Electronic Sounders are now the most versatile audible warning devices on the market today.

With multiple tone & decibel selections these type of products will satisfy most applications with the added benefit of remote tone selection & voice activation.

铃铛

Bells

铃铛是一种经济实惠的传统信号装置，具有广泛的信号应用。它们提供中等 dB 输出和独特的声音。有两种类型：电磁驱动，适用于日常不断使用的工业应用；电机驱动，更适合火灾报警应用。

Bells are a cost effective traditional signalling device with a wide range of signalling applications. They offer medium dB output with a unique sound. There're two types: solenoid driven for industrial applications where they are under constant daily use, and a motor driven type more suitable for fire alarm applications.

警报器

Sirens

警报器是由强大的马达驱动的信号，通过开槽盖驱动内部叶轮，产生独特的穿透性声音，传统上用于发出“空袭”警告信号。

Sirens are powerful motor driven signals driving an internal impeller through a slotted cover creating a unique penetrating sound, traditionally recognisable for creating the ‘air raid’ warning signal.

蜂鸣器

Buzzers

机电类型，其中振膜由移动磁铁偏转，该磁铁由压电类型的通断接触触发，其中振膜由电子电路控制。机械蜂鸣器提供中/高 dB 输出，声音频率低，结构坚固。

压电蜂鸣器 dB 相对较低，频率较高，仅适用于本地信号应用。

Either Electro Mechanical type where the diaphragm is deflected by a moving magnet which is triggered by a make and break contact of the Piezo type where the diaphragm is controlled by an electronic circuit. The Mechanical versions offer medium/high dB output with low frequency sound and are of robust construction.

Piezo versions are relatively low dB and high frequency and are only suitable for local signalling applications.

注意：此图表显示了在开放区域内无障碍物的完美条件下的理论衰减。此外，所用信号的声音频率将对任何给定点的分贝读数产生明显影响。与高得多的声音频率（例如 -3dB）相比，低得多的声音频率将在较长距离内实现更高的 dB 等级（例如，相对于此表 +3dB）。

Note: This chart displays the theoretical attenuation in perfect conditions in an open area without obstruction. In addition, the sound frequency of the signal used will have a marked effect on the decibel reading at any given point. A much lower sound frequency will achieve a higher dB rating over longer distances (say +3dB against this table) than a much higher sound frequency (say -3dB).