一文读懂防爆,本安和危险区域
ATEX涉及2个欧盟指令。第一个是ATEX 137工作场所指令,第二个是ATEX 95设备指令。
ATEX 137工作场所指令(也称为99/92 / EC)涉及保护在爆炸性环境中可能处于危险之中的劳动所需的最低要求。
ATEX 95设备指令(也称为94/9 / EC)涉及在潜在爆炸性环境中使用设备和系统。
The term ATEX refers to 2 European Directives. The first being the ATEX 137 Workplace Directive and the second is the ATEX 95 Equipment Directive.
The ATEX 137 Workplace Directive (also known as 99/92/EC) relates to the minimum requirements needed for the protection of the workforce who may be at risk in explosive atmospheres.
The ATEX 95 Equipment Directive (also known as 94/9/EC) relates to the use of equipment and systems in potentially explosive atmospheres.
保护概念 | ||
区域 | 风险 | 保护概念 |
0 | 在其中爆炸性气体/空气混合物长时间连续存在。 | Exia 或 Exs |
1 | 在正常操作中,可能会发生爆炸性气体/空气混合物。 | Exd. Exe, Exib, Exp, Exia, Exs |
2 | 在正常操作中不太可能发生爆炸性气体/空气混合物。 | 适于区0和1,EXN,ExN和EXQ所有概念 |
Protection Concepts | ||
Zone | Hazard | Protection Concepts |
0 | In which an explosive gas/air mixture is continuously present for long periods. | Exia or Exs |
1 | In which an explosive gas/air mixture is likely to occur in normal operation. | Exd. Exe, Exib, Exp, Exia, Exs |
2 | In which an explosive gas/air mixture is not likely to occur in normal operation. | All concepts suitable for Zone 0 & 1, ExN, ExO and Exq |
保护方式标准 | ||
保护方式 | 英国允许使用区域 | 代码字母IEC,EX ..,CENELEC,EEX |
一般要求 | — | — |
油浸 | 2 | o |
加压 | 1 or 2 | p |
粉末填充 | 2 | q |
隔爆 | 1 or 2 | d |
增安 | 1 or 2 | e |
本安 | * 0, 1 or 2 | ia or ib |
不易燃 | 2 | n # |
封装形式 | 1 or 2 | m |
特殊 | 1 or 2 | s |
* ia:区域0、1、2 / ib:区域1或2,但不是区域0 | #n:在英国本地使用 |
Standards For Methods Of Protection | ||
Method Of Protection | Permitted Zone Of Use In UK | Code Letter IEC, EX.., CENELEC, EEX |
General requirement | — | — |
Oil immersion | 2 | o |
Pressurisation | 1 or 2 | p |
Powder filling | 2 | q |
Flameproof | 1 or 2 | d |
Increased safety | 1 or 2 | e |
Intrinsic safety | * 0, 1 or 2 | ia or ib |
Non-incendive | 2 | n # |
Encapsulation | 1 or 2 | m |
Special | 1 or 2 | s |
* ia: Zone 0, 1, 2 / ib: Zone 1 or 2 but not Zone 0 | # n: used locally in UK |
气体组别 | |
气体#组CENELEC EN 5014, IEC | 代表型气体 |
I * (矿业) | 甲烷 |
IIA | 丙烷 |
IIB | 乙烯 |
IIC | 氢 |
Gas Grouping | |
Gas # Group CENELEC EN 5014, IEC | Representative Gas |
I * (mining) | Methane |
IIA | Propane |
IIB | Ethylene |
IIC | Hydrogen |
温度等级 | |
T级/ IEC 79-7 | 最高表面温度°C |
T1 | 450°C |
T2 | 300°C |
T3 | 200°C |
T4 | 135°C |
T5 | 100°C |
T6 | 85°C |
Temperature Classification | |
T Class / IEC 79-7 | Max. Surface Temp °C |
T1 | 450°C |
T2 | 300°C |
T3 | 200°C |
T4 | 135°C |
T5 | 100°C |
T6 | 85°C |
认证代码(CENELEC标记信息-示例[EEx ia] IIC T4) | ||||||
[ | E | Ex | ia | ] | IIC | T4 |
相关设备* | 通过CENELEC标准认证 | 防爆保护 | 保护概念(IS) | 相关设备* | 设备组 | 温度等级 |
*(位于安全区域中,可能连接到危险区域) |
Certification Code (CENELEC marking information - example [EEx ia] IIC T4) | ||||||
[ | E | Ex | ia | ] | IIC | T4 |
Associated apparatus* | Certified to the CENELEC standard | Explosion protected | Protection concept (IS) | Associated apparatus* | Apparatus group (gas group) | Temperature classification (not Gp I) |
* (located in safe area and may be connected to hazardous area) |
设备组和类别 | ||
设备组 | 设备类别 | 区 |
I | M = 矿业 | — |
矿业 | M 1 | — |
矿坑气体/或可燃粉尘 | M 2 | — |
II | G = 气体 | |
其他领域 | 1 G | 0, 1, 2 |
易爆气体环境 | 2 G | 1, 2 |
3 G | 2 | |
在认证类别编号中的G之后添加D | D = 灰尘 | |
(即GD)(如果设备也通过了粉尘类别批准) | 1 D | 20, 21, 22 |
2 D | 21, 22 | |
3 D | 22 | |
类别说明: |
Device Group & Category | ||
Device Group | Device Category | Zone |
I | M = Mining | — |
Mining | M 1 | — |
Pit Gas &/or Flammable Dusts | M 2 | — |
II | G = Gas | |
Other Areas | 1 G | 0, 1, 2 |
Explosive Atmosphere | 2 G | 1, 2 |
3 G | 2 | |
D is added after G in the certification class number | D = Dust | |
(i.e. GD) if device is dust category approved also | 1 D | 20, 21, 22 |
2 D | 21, 22 | |
3 D | 22 | |
Explanation of the categories: |
闪点
这是液体产生足够的蒸气以支持点火的最低温度。该蒸气可以通过多种方式被点燃,包括温度或能量(即火花)。
点火温度
这是蒸气被点燃的最低温度。这定义了温度等级。
Flashpoint
This is the lowest temperature at which a liquid generates sufficient vapour to support ignition. This vapour can be ignited in many ways including temperature or energy (i.e. a spark).
Ignition Temperature
This is the lowest temperature at which the vapour will be ignited. This defines the temperature class.
电气设备的最高表面温度分类(CENELEC) | |
温度等级 | 最高表面温度 |
T1 | <450ºC |
T2 | <300ºC |
T3 | <200ºC |
T4 | <135ºC |
T5 | <100ºC |
T6 | <85ºC |
Classification of Maximum Surface Temperatures of Electrical Apparatus (CENELEC) | |
Temp. Class | Max. Surface Temp. |
T1 | <450ºC |
T2 | <300ºC |
T3 | <200ºC |
T4 | <135ºC |
T5 | <100ºC |
T6 | <85ºC |
仪器组(能量点火)
所有地面工业气体/蒸气均归为第二类气体,第二组分为3个子组:
IIA –点燃需要高能量。爆炸强度较小。(丙烷)
IIB –点燃所需的能量更少。爆炸更激烈。(乙烯)
IIC –点火所需的能量很少。最强烈的爆炸。(氢)
Apparatus Group (Energy Ignition)
All surface industry gases/vapours are classed as Group II gases. Group II is divided into 3 sub groups:
IIA – High energy is required to ignite. Less intense explosion. (Propane)
IIB – Less energy is required to ignite. More intense explosion. (Ethylene)
IIC – Little energy is required to ignite. Most intense explosion. (Hydrogen)
一些常见易燃材料的特性 | ||||
气体/蒸气 | 闪点 | 燃气 | 点火温度 | 温度等级 |
丙酮 | 19ºC | IIA | 535ºC | T1 |
丁烷 | -60ºC | IIA | 365ºC | T2 |
庚烷 | -4ºC | IIA | 215ºC | T3 |
乙基甲醚 | 37ºC | IIB | 190ºC | T4 |
注意:点火能量和点火温度之间无关 |
Characteristics Of Some Common Flammable Materials | ||||
Gas/Vapour | Flashpoint | Gas Group | Ignition Temp. | Temp. Class |
Acetone | 19ºC | IIA | 535ºC | T1 |
Butane | -60ºC | IIA | 365ºC | T2 |
Heptane | -4ºC | IIA | 215ºC | T3 |
Ethyl Methyl Ether | 37ºC | IIB | 190ºC | T4 |
Note: There is no connection between ignition energy and ignition temperature |