NEMA及IEC标准下的电机铭牌识别（连载一）

电机标准可分为两大类：NEMA 和 IEC（及其衍生标准）。在北美，美国国家电气制造商协会 (NEMA) 负责制定电机标准，包括铭牌上的标注内容（NEMA 标准 MG 1-10.40）。在世界其他大部分地区，国际电工委员会 (IEC) 负责制定电机标准，或者至少许多国家的标准与 IEC 标准非常接近。例如，德国的 VDE 0530 标准和英国的 BS 2613 标准与 IEC 标准非常接近，只有少数例外。

The motor standards can be grouped into two major categories: NEMA and IEC (and its derivatives). In North America, the National Electric Manufacturers Association (NEMA) sets motor standards, including what should go on the nameplate (NEMA Standard MG 1-10.40). In most of the rest of the world, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) sets the standards or at least many countries base their standards very closely on the IEC standards For example, Germany's VDE 0530 standard and Great Britain's BS 2613 Standard are close to IEC with minor exceptions.

美国国家电气制造商协会 (NEMA) 规定，每块电机铭牌上都必须标明以下具体信息：

1) 制造商类型

2) 额定电压和满载电流

3) 额定频率和相数

4) 额定满载转速

5) 额定温升或绝缘系统等级

6) 时间评级

7) 额定马力

8) 堵转指示代码字母

9) 使用系数

10) 效率

11) 框架尺寸

12) 设计规范

The National Electrical Manufacturer's Association (NEMA) specifies that every motor nameplate must show these specific items:

1) Manufacturer's type

2) Rated volts and full load amps

3) Rated frequency & number of phases

4) Rated full load speed

5) Rated temperature rise or the insulation system class

6) Time rating

7) Rated horsepower

8) Locked rotor indicating code letter

9) Service Factor

10) Efficiency

11) Frame Size

12) Design Code

电机铭牌信息

MOTOR NAMEPLATE INFORMATION

行业标准

Industry Standards

当今许多电机标准都是由一些组织制定的，例如美国国家电气制造商协会 (NEMA)，该协会主要负责北美电机的标准化工作。这些标准代表了行业惯例，并得到了电机制造商的支持。这些标准可在 NEMA 标准出版物 No. MG-1 中找到。

电气和电子工程师协会 (IEEE) 是另一个为电机行业制定电气标准和推荐规范的机构。此外，国际标准也存在，例如国际电工委员会 (IEC)、加拿大标准协会 (CSA)、日本标准 (JEC)、英国标准 (BS) 等组织，以及每个国家/地区至少有一个组织制定了国际标准。

IEC 是负责欧洲共同体电机标准的组织。这些标准与 NEMA 标准不同，可在 IEC 34-1-16 中找到。这些电机被称为 IEC 电机。

美国保险商实验室 (UL) 是一家独立的测试机构，负责制定电机和其他电气设备的标准。国家消防协会 (NEMA) 是国家电气规范 (NEC) 的发起机构，其标准被保险检查员和许多政府机构用于监管建筑规范。需要注意的是，NEMA 和 IEC 都不是测试机构；它们是制定行业标准的组织。

Many of today’s motor standards have been established through organizations such as the National Electrical Manufacturers’ Association (NEMA), which is primarily associated with motors used in North America. The standards developed represent general industry practices and are supported by the motor manufacturers. These standards can be found in NEMA Standard Publication No# MG-1.

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, IEEE, is another agency that has established electrical standards and recommended practices for the motor industry. International standards exist as well, with organizations such as the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the Canadian Standards Association (CSA), the Japanese Standards (JEC), the British Standards (BS) and at least one organization for each country that exists.

IEC is the organization responsible for motor standards in the European community. These standards differ from NEMA standards and can be found in IEC 34-1-16. These motors are referred to as IEC motors.

Underwriters’ Laboratories (UL) is an independent testing organization that sets standards for motors and other electrical equipment. The National Fire Protection Association, which sponsors the National Electrical Code (NEC), is used by insurance inspectors and many government bodies regulating building codes. Note that neither NEMA nor IEC are testing agencies; they are organizations that establish industry standards.

铭牌信息

NAMEPLATE DATA

确保电机可互换的关键在于确保不同制造商的铭牌信息通用。电机铭牌上的通用语言使安装和维护人员能够在新安装或更换过程中快速理解和准确识别他们所处理的电机类型。根据美国国家电气规范 (NEC) 的基本要求，电机铭牌必须显示以下信息：

• 额定电压

• 各电压等级的额定满载电流

• 频率

• 相位

• 额定满载转速

• 绝缘等级和额定环境温度

• 额定马力

• 时间额定值

• 堵转代码字母

• 制造商名称和地址

大多数铭牌上通常还会显示其他信息。这些信息可能包括电机的使用系数、机壳类型、机座号、接线图以及独特或特殊的功能。要基本理解标准化的含义并掌握标准感应电机的一些基本知识，最好的方法是仔细研究典型电机上的铭牌信息。

A critical part of making motors interchangeable is ensuring that nameplate information is common among manufacturers. The common language of the motor nameplate enables installation and maintenance personnel to quickly understand and recognize exactly what type of motor they're dealing with during a new installation or replacement procedure. As a basic requirement of the National Electrical Code (NEC), the motor nameplate must show the following information:

• Rated voltage or voltages

• Rated full-load amps for each voltage level

• Frequency

• Phase

• Rated full-load speed

• Insulation class and rated ambient temperature

• Rated horsepower

• Time rating

• Locked-rotor code letter

• Manufacturer's name and address

Additional information will normally appear on most nameplates as well. This information might include the motor service factor, enclosure type, the frame size, connection diagrams and unique or special features. The best way to approach a basic understanding of what standardization means and to cover some of the material fundamental to standard induction motors is to examine in detail the nameplate information contained on a typical motor.