ASME与非ASME泄压阀：有什么区别？

泄压阀 (PRV) 是一种用于控制或限制系统压力的安全阀；否则压力可能会累积并导致过程混乱、仪器或设备故障。通过允许加压流体从辅助通道流出系统来释放压力。安全阀设计或设置为在预定的设定压力下打开，以保护压力容器和其他设备免受超过其设计极限的压力。当超过设定压力时，安全阀成为“阻力更小的路径”，因为阀门被强制打开，部分流体或气体通过辅助路径转移。转移的工艺介质通常通过管道系统输送或排放到大气中。

A pressure relief valve (PRV) is a type of safety valve used to control or limit the pressure in a system; pressure might otherwise build up and create a process upset, instrument or equipment failure. The pressure is relieved by allowing the pressurized fluid to flow from an auxiliary passage out of the system. The relief valve is designed or set to open at a predetermined set pressure to protect pressure vessels and other equipment from being subjected to pressures that exceed their design limits. When the set pressure is exceeded, the relief valve becomes the “path of least resistance” as the valve is forced open and a portion of the fluid or gas is diverted through the auxiliary route. The diverted process media is usually routed through a piping system or vented to the atmosphere.

大多数工业应用中使用的安全阀的泄压能力基于超出开启压力的过压百分比。泄压能力分别为阀门开启压力的 10%、25% 和 50%。这些百分比使工程师能够了解阀门在这些常见间隔下的流量特性。大多数应用设计为让安全阀在阀门开启压力的 10% 时释放超压，而其他应用则允许在达到释放超压所需的流量之前积累高达 50% 的超压。随着压力的增加，泄压也会增加，泄压可以是渐进的或即时的，具体取决于密封件和设定压力。当设置较低的开启压力（例如 25 psi）并使用丁腈橡胶 (Buna N) 和氟橡胶 (Viton) 等软密封件时，它们往往会逐渐缓解系统中的过压。然而，可以设置更高的压力安全阀，往往会快速“弹出”并立即释放多余的压力。标准非编码安全阀可满足大多数应用的需要。

Most relief valves used in industrial applications base their relieving capacity on a percentage of overpressure beyond that of the cracking pressure. The relieving capabilities are shown at 10%, 25% and 50% over the valves cracking pressure. These percentages allow the engineer to understand the flow characteristics of the valve at these common intervals. Most applications are designed to have the relief valve relieve overpressure at 10% of the valves cracking pressure, while other applications can allow up to 50% of overpressure to accumulate before it meets the required flow to relieve overpressure. As pressure increases so does the relieving capacity which can either be gradual or instant depending on the seal and set pressure. When set to a lower cracking pressure such as 25 psi with soft seals, such as Buna N and Viton, they tend to gradually relieve the overpressure in a system. However, the series relief valve, which can be set to higher pressures, tend to quickly “pop off” and relieve excess pressure instantly. Standard noncoded relief valves serve their purpose for most of the applications out there.

当应用涉及锅炉或压力容器时，重要的单一安全装置是泄压阀 (PRV)。泄压阀是防止超压条件和灾难性爆炸的唯一手段。在大多数国家/地区，法律要求各行业使用安全阀来保护压力容器和其他设备。此外，在大多数国家，设备设计规范（例如美国机械工程师协会 (ASME)发布的第VIII节《锅炉和压力容器规范》）规定了锅炉和压力容器的安全法规。

When the application involves boilers or pressure vessels, the most important single safety device is the pressure relief valve (PRV). The pressure relief valve is all that stands between overpressure conditions and catastrophic explosions. In most countries, industries are legally required to protect pressure vessels and other equipment by using relief valves. Also, in most countries, equipment design codes such as those provided by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) published section VIII Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code establishes safety regulations for boilers and pressure vessels.

美国机械工程师协会邮票和协会徽标

American Society of Mechanical Engineers stamp and association logo

第VIII部分给出了燃烧和非燃烧压力容器的设计、制造、测试和认证的详细要求。它特指那些在内部或外部压力超过 15 psig 的情况下工作的压力容器。带有 ASME 印记的阀门必须在不超过 10% 的超压下实现大的恒定流量，才能达到 ASME 评级，从而确保对压力容器和下游设备的保护。安全第一！在 ASME 应用中，ASME 编码阀门是无可替代的。尽管许多阀门看起来与未编码的阀门相似，但检查人员可以轻松发现未编码的阀门，并可以立即关闭系统，直到安装正确的阀门。

The VIII section gives detailed requirements for the design, fabrication, testing, and certification for both fired and unfired pressure vessels. It specifically refers to those pressure vessels that operate at pressures, either internal or external, that exceed 15 psig. Valves marked with the ASME stamp MUST achieve a large constant flow rate at no more than 10% overpressure to be ASME rated which ensures the protection of the pressure vessel and downstream equipment. Safety is the number one priority! There is no substitute for an ASME coded valve in an ASME application. Though many of these valves look like their non-coded counterparts, inspectors can easily spot a non-coded valve and can immediately shut down the system until the correct valve is installed.

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