如何为应用选择线性执行器（中英文）

“线性执行器”是一个涵盖多种不同类型设备的广义术语。为特定应用选择最佳设备的过程取决于用户的勤奋研究和开发实践。很难比较线性执行器制造商之间的规格，因为行业内几乎没有标准化。每种类型的线性执行器都满足不同的设计要求。

线性执行器系统中还可以使用多种不同类型的电机。这些包括直流有刷电机、直流无刷电机、伺服电机、步进电机，在某些情况下，甚至包括交流感应电机。应用要求和执行器设计移动的负载将决定最佳电机选项。例如，使用驱动导螺杆的一体式马力交流感应电机的线性执行器可用于驱动炼油厂中的大型阀门。在这种情况下，不需要极高的精度和高分辨率（低至千分之一英寸），但高力和速度对于应用至关重要。

对于实验室仪器、机器人、光学和激光设备或 X-Y 工作台中使用的机电线性执行器，精细分辨率（以微米为单位）和高精度可能需要使用带有细螺距导螺杆的分数马力步进电机线性执行器。由于机电线性执行器系统存在许多变化，因此了解所有设计要求和应用限制对于正确选择至关重要。

以下是选择线性执行器的指南，将逐步帮助用户完成整个过程。仔细考虑每个步骤，能够缩小选择范围。

"Linear actuator" is a broad term covering many different types of devices. The process of selecting the best device for a specific application is dependent upon the user's diligent research and development practices. It is difficult to compare the specifications between linear actuator manufacturers, as there is very little standardization within the industry. Each type of linear actuator fulfills a different set of design requirements.

There are many different types of motors that can be used in a linear actuator system as well. These include DC Brush, DC Brushless, Servo, Stepper, and in some cases, even AC induction motors. The application requirements and the loads the actuator is designed to move will dictate the best motor option. For example, a linear actuator using an integral horsepower AC induction motor driving a lead screw can be used to actuate a large valve in a refinery. In this case, extreme accuracy and high resolution (down to a thousandth of an inch) would not be required, but high force and speed are critical to the application.

For electromechanical linear actuators used in laboratory instrumentation, robotics, optical and laser equipment, or X-Y tables, fine resolution (measured in microns) and high accuracy may require the use of a fractional horsepower stepper motor linear actuator with a fine pitch lead screw. Because there are many variations in the electromechanical linear actuator system, it is critical to understand all design requirements and application constraints for the proper selection.

The following is a guideline to the selection of the linear actuator, and will assist you through the process step by step. Carefully consider each step and you will be able to narrow down your choice.

开始之前

BEFORE YOU START

重要说明：线性执行器用于众多行业的各种应用，包括医疗设备、农业机械、高压开关设备、火车和公共汽车门以及工厂流程和装配机械。典型用例包括医疗床、病人升降机、轮椅、可调节桌子和工作站、诊断等等。每种线性执行器应用都有独特的要求。

世界各地的制造商提供无数种型号的线性执行器，行程大小、速度、电压和类型各异。由于有如此多的制造商、型号和选项可供选择，为应用选择合适的线性执行器可能是一项艰巨的任务。当联系制造商寻求线性执行器的应用帮助时，请准备好提供尽可能多的应用要求，包括计划使用线性执行器的环境。大多数线性执行器都是为高速、高强度或两者之间的折衷而制造的。

Important notes: Linear actuators are used in a variety of applications across numerous industries, including medical equipment, agriculture machinery, high-voltage switch gears, train and bus doors, and factory processes and assembly machinery. Typical use cases include medical beds, patient lifters, wheelchairs, adjustable tables and workstations, diagnostics, to name a few. Each linear actuator application has unique requirements.

Manufacturers throughout the world offer innumerable models of linear actuators in a wide variety of stroke sizes, speeds, voltage and types. With the availability of so many manufacturers, models and options, selecting the right linear actuator for your application can be a daunting task. When contacting a manufacturer for application assistance for a linear actuator, please be prepared to provide as many of the application requirements as possible, including the environment in which you plan to use the linear actuator. Most linear actuators are built either for high speed, high force, or a compromise between the two.

启动流程

Starting the Process

第一步：基础知识

Step One: The Basics

与知识渊博且经验丰富的供应商尽可能详细地描述和讨论应用。在此阶段，重点关注负载、执行器以及功率和控制的基本规格。在考虑特定应用的线性执行器时，最重要的规格是：行程距离、速度、力、精度和寿命要求。线性执行器应用的其他方面将有助于确定选择哪些产品。在开始选择过程之前，必须回答以下问题：

Describe and discuss the application in as much detail as possible with a knowledgeable and experienced supplier. At this stage, focus on basic specifications for load, actuator, and power and control. When considering a linear actuator for a specific application, the most important specifications are: travel distance, speed, force, accuracy and lifetime requirements. Other aspects of the linear actuator application will help determine which products to choose. The following questions must be answered before the selection process can start:

• 使用哪种类型的能源？空气、液体还是电力？回答这个问题将排除许多制造商和线性执行器类型。

What type of energy source will you use? Air, fluid, electricity? Answering this question will eliminate many manufacturers and linear actuator types.

• 确定所需的力。这可能是要举起的物体的重量或需要克服的摩擦力。执行器需要多大的力（以牛顿或磅力为单位）以及在哪些方向（推、拉、垂直和/或水平）移动？（力是最大和平均动态负载的函数。）排除任何无法产生足够力的线性执行器。

Determine the amount of force required. This may be the weight of an object you are lifting or friction that needs to be overcome. How much force (in newtons or pounds-force) and in what directions (push, pull, vertical, and/or horizontal) will the actuator need to move? (Force is a function of maximum and average dynamic loads.) Rule out any linear actuators that are not capable of producing enough force.

• 速度：执行器需要以多快的速度移动（毫米/秒或英寸/秒）？确定需要以多快的速度移动；可以排除任何速度过快或过慢的线性执行器。确定速度与第一步中的力相结合将为用户提供所需的机械功率。

Speed: How fast (millimeters/second or inches/second) will the actuator need to move? Decide how fast you need to move; you can rule out any linear actuators that are too fast or too slow. Determining the speed combined with the force from step one will give you the mechanical power required.

• 距离：定义执行器需要移动的距离，也称为行程长度。尽可能选择标准目录选项。执行器需要移动多远？这将考虑行程和缩回长度，通常以毫米表示。特殊要求通常更昂贵。

重要提示：请记住，行程越长，线性执行器完全缩回时就越长。如果需要适应现有空间，这一点尤其重要。

Distance: Define how far your actuator needs to travel, also known as the stroke length. Whenever possible, select the standard catalog options. How far will the actuator need to move? This will factor in both the stroke and retracted lengths and is usually expressed in millimeters. Special requirements are generally more costly.

Important: Keep in mind that the longer the stroke, the longer the linear actuator will be when fully retracted. This is especially important if you need to fit into an existing space.

• 占空比：执行器运行的频率是多少，两次运行之间间隔多长时间？（这指的是“占空比”，它基于单位时间内预期的重复次数，单位是小时/天、分钟/小时和/或冲程/分钟。）检查其余选择的占空比额定值。除高端伺服装置外，大多数线性执行器可能无法连续运行，否则会过热。

Duty Cycle: How often will the actuator operate, and how much time will elapse between operations? (This refers to the "duty cycle," which will be based on the number of expected repetitions per unit of time in hours/day, minutes/hour, and/or strokes/minute.) Check the duty cycle rating of your remaining choices. Except for high-end servo units, most linear actuators may not operate continuously without overheating.

• 需要考虑的选项：电源选项有哪些（电机还是电池）？电池供电应用可能需要额定电压与电池电压相同的直流电机。但是，交流供电应用不一定需要交流电机，因为交流电很容易转换为任何直流电压。在选择内置限位开关和位置反馈设备（如电位器和编码器）等选项时要灵活。例如，请考虑限位开关通常可以并入用户的机构的一部分，而不是作为执行器本身的一部分。

Options to consider: What are the power supply options (motor vs. battery)? A battery-powered application will probably require a DC motor rated the same as the battery voltage. However, an AC powered application does not necessarily need an AC motor because AC is fairly easily converted to any DC voltage. Be flexible when choosing options such as built-in limit switches and position feedback devices such as potentiometers and encoders. Consider that limit switches, for example, can often be incorporated into part of your mechanism rather than being part of the actuator itself.

• 环境考虑因素：环境因素（温度变化、湿度、振动或最终产品冲击）是否会对操作造成挑战？大多数线性执行器可以在室内环境中良好运行，但恶劣的室外条件、极端温度或浸没会极大地限制产品选择。有时，为设备提供一些外部保护比找到具有满足所有其他要求的适当入口保护等级的设备更容易。

Environmental Considerations: Will environmental factors (temperature variations, moisture, vibration, or end-product shock) pose a challenge to operation? Most linear actuators can operate well in an indoor environment, but harsh outdoor conditions, extreme temperatures or submersion will drastically limit your product choices. Sometimes it is easier to provide some external protection to the unit rather than find one with the proper ingress protection rating that meets all your other requirements.

缩小线性执行器的选择范围

Narrowing Down the Selection of the Linear Actuator

仔细检查线性执行器应用可帮助消除代价高昂的错误，并提供最佳的系统性能。

Careful review of your linear actuator application can help to eliminate costly mistakes and provide for optimal system performance.

第二步：超越基础——需要考虑的选项

Step Two: Beyond the Basics – Options to Consider

当系统针对应用进行定制时，具体要求将影响设计和制造过程。无论最终用途如何，设计执行系统时，首先要确定基本需求，然后评估最终影响整个系统运行的某些关键参数。

机电线性执行器旨在实现和控制线性运动的精确性、效率、准确度和可重复性。这些设备是液压或气动执行器替代品，实用、高效且相对免维护。根据类型和制造商的不同，当今的机电线性执行器可以处理高达 3,000 磅（13 千牛顿）的负载，速度高达 6 英寸/秒（150 毫米/秒），行程范围从 2 英寸（50 毫米）到 60 英寸（1,500 毫米）。执行器可以独立安装在铝、锌或聚合物外壳中，并可随时安装，方便插入操作（使用交流或直流电源）。

此外，执行器采用模块化设计和开放式架构，可根据规格互换内部和外部组件。请注意，标准组件（包括所使用的驱动螺杆、电机、前后附件、控制器和限位开关的类型）将允许进行所需的定制，而无需支付通常与特殊修改相关的成本。

When a system is tailored for an application, the specific requirements will influence both the design and the manufacturing processes. Regardless of end use, an actuation system is designed by first identifying basic needs, and then evaluating certain key parameters that ultimately affect the overall system operation.

Electromechanical linear actuators are designed to provide precision, efficiency, accuracy, and repeatability in effecting and controlling linear movement. These devices serve as practical, efficient, and relatively maintenance-free alternatives to their hydraulic or pneumatic actuator counterparts. Depending on type and manufacturer, today's electromechanical linear actuators can handle loads of up to 3,000 pounds (13 kilonewtons) and deliver speeds of up to 6 inches/second (150 millimeters/second), with strokes ranging from 2 inches (50 millimeters) to 60 inches (1,500 millimeters). Actuators can be self-contained in aluminum, zinc, or polymer housings and ready to mount for easy plug-in operation (using either AC or DC power supplies).

What's more, actuators featuring both modular design and open architecture enable interchangeable internal and external components, according to specifications. Please note that standard components, including the types of drive screws, motors, front and rear attachments, controls, and limit switches used, will allow for desired customization without the costs typically associated with special modifications.

注意：在每种机电执行器应用中起关键作用的具体参数包括：输入电功率、占空比和执行器效率。回答以下问题将帮助进一步定义线性执行器：

Note: The specific parameters that play a crucial role in every electromechanical actuator application are the: electrical power in, duty cycle, and actuator efficiency. Answering the following questions will help you to define the linear actuator further:

1. 最终产品的预期使用寿命是多少？（这些答案几乎会影响线性执行器系统中的每个组件。）

2. 执行器将如何安装？前部和/或后部安装是否需要特殊配置？

3. 应用是否建议使用特定的安全机制（例如，紧急情况下使用的“手动操作器”）？

4. 空间是否有限？（如果是，则必须将执行器设计为适合特定的占地面积。）

5. 如果使用电机，其类型（交流、直流或特殊）和电压是什么？

6. 是否需要速度和/或位置反馈？（这将表明需要附加组件，例如编码器。）

1. What is the desired lifetime for the end product? (Those answers will impact virtually every component within a linear actuator system.)

2. How will the actuator be mounted? Will front and/or back mounts require special configurations?

3. Does the application suggest particular safety mechanisms (e.g., "manual operators" for use in case of emergency)?

4. Is space limited? (If so, the actuator will have to be designed to fit in a specific footprint.)

5. If a motor is utilized, what is its type (AC, DC, or special) and voltage?

6. Is feedback required for speed and/or position? (This will indicate a need for add-on components, such as encoders.)

第三步：功率因数

Step Three: The Power Factor

线性执行器是一种利用外部能源产生线性运动的装置。就所使用的能源而言，它可以是压电、气动、液压、机械、机电等。线性执行器系统借鉴了电气和机械工程学科的原理。因此，功率（以瓦特为单位）通常是计算的第一个要求。为了从电动线性执行器中获得机械功率，必须将电力输入系统。机械功率输出通常是两者中更容易定义的，因为计算所需的只是力或将要移动的负载以及所需的速度。

如果参数采用公制 (SI) 单位，则将力（以牛顿为单位）乘以速度（以毫米/秒为单位）以获得瓦特。（要将磅转换为牛顿，请乘以 4.448；要将英寸转换为毫米，请乘以 25.4。）

A linear actuator is a device that produces linear motion by utilizing some external energy source. As far as the source of energy used is concerned, it can be piezoelectric, pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical, electro-mechanical, etc. A linear actuator system draws principles from both electrical and mechanical engineering disciplines. Consequently, power (defined in Watts) is usually the first requirement to be calculated. In order to get mechanical power out of an electric linear actuator, it is necessary to put electrical power into the system. Mechanical power out is usually the easier of the two to define because all that is needed for its calculation is the force, or the load that will be moved, and the speed required.

If the parameters are in metric (SI) units, multiply the force (in Newtons) by the speed (in millimeters/second) to obtain Watts. (To convert pounds to Newtons, multiply by 4.448; to convert inches to millimeters, multiply by 25.4.)

机械功率输出 (P0)：

Mechanical power out (P0):

P0 = F x v

F = Force (N)

v = Velocity (meters/sec)

可以通过供应商规格表中的性能图和图表确定有关电力的信息。供应商以不同的方式绘制这些信息的图表，但通常情况下，都有力与速度和力与特定电压下的电流消耗的图表。这些数据通常以两张图的形式呈现，或合并为一张。电流消耗也可以以表格形式呈现。此外，还将根据占空比曲线给出系数。相关公式如下：可以通过供应商规格表中的性能图和图表确定有关电力的信息。供应商以不同的方式绘制这些信息的图表，但通常情况下，都有力与速度和力与特定电压下的电流消耗的图表。这些数据通常以两张图的形式呈现，或合并为一张。电流消耗也可以以表格形式呈现。此外，还将根据占空比曲线给出系数。相关公式如下：

Information regarding electrical power can be ascertained through performance graphs and charts from suppliers' specification sheets. Suppliers chart this information differently, but more often than not, there are graphs for force vs. speed and force vs. current draw at a specified voltage. This data is often presented in two graphs or combined in one. The current draw may also be presented in tabular form. In addition, factors will be given based on a duty-cycle curve. The relevant formula is as follows:

电功率（Pi）：

Electrical power in (Pi):

Pi = E x I

E = Voltage (V)

I = Current (A)

第四步：计算占空比

Step Four: Calculating Duty Cycle

用户需要确定占空比因子（有时称为“降额因子”）。占空比很重要。有时，初步的执行器选择可能无法满足应用程序的所有操作要求。占空比既表示执行器的操作频率，也表示操作之间的时间间隔。由于效率低下的功率会以热量的形式消散，因此允许温度最低的执行器组件（通常是电机）为整个线性执行器系统确定了占空比限制。请注意：变速箱中的摩擦以及滚珠丝杠和梯形丝杠驱动系统会产生一些热量损失。

为了演示如何计算占空比，假设执行器上下累计运行 10 秒，然后停止运行 40 秒。占空比为 10/(40+10)，即 20%。如果增加占空比，则必须降低负载或速度。相反，如果负载或速度降低，占空比可能会增加。如果在机器或生产设备上使用线性执行器，则占空比相对容易确定。在其他不太可预测的应用或线性执行器不经常使用的应用中，建议估计最坏情况，以便分配有意义的占空比计算。不建议在制造商功率曲线的边缘运行，因为这可能会导致线性执行器和其他组件运行过热。但是，在某些占空比为 10% 或更低的应用中，执行器可以运行到其功率曲线的极限。

Users will want to establish the duty-cycle factor (sometimes called the "derating factor"). Duty cycle is important. Sometimes the preliminary actuator selection may not meet all of an application's operating requirements. The duty cycle indicates both how often an actuator will operate and how much time there is between operations. Because the power lost to inefficiency dissipates as heat, the actuator component with the lowest allowable temperature (usually this is the motor) establishes the duty-cycle limit for the complete linear actuator system. Please note: There are some heat losses from friction in a gearbox, and via ball-screw and acme-screw drive systems.

To demonstrate how the duty cycle is calculated, assume an actuator runs for 10 seconds cumulative, up and down, and then doesn't run for another 40 seconds. The duty cycle is 10/(40+10), or 20%. If duty cycle is increased, either load or speed must be reduced. Conversely, if either load or speed decreases, duty cycle can increase. The duty cycle is relatively easy to determine if a linear actuator is used on a machine or production device. In other, less predictable applications or those where the linear actuator will be used infrequently, it is advisable to estimate the worst-case scenario in order to assign a meaningful duty-cycle calculation. It is not advisable to operate on the edge of the manufacturer's power curves because this might cause the linear actuator and other components to run too hot. However, in some applications where the duty cycle is 10% or less, the actuator can run to the limit of its power curves.

第五步：确定“效率”和预期寿命

Step Five: Ascertaining 'Efficiency' and Expected Life

大多数制造商的文献中通常没有提及系统的“效率”，但它可以告诉用户执行器在运行过程中可能变得多热，如果执行器使用滚珠丝杠，系统中是否应指定保持制动器，以及电池供电系统中电池的使用寿命等相关数据。从性能曲线计算效率很简单：用机械功率除以电功率。这样就得出了效率百分比。

在计算这些因素并将决策转向最终选择的同时，还应解决一个附加参数：应用的预期寿命。虽然线性执行器组件（例如电机或螺杆）可以更换，但大多数执行器无法轻松修复。此外，涵盖应用预期寿命也很重要，因为供应商有时会指出特定负载下的梯形或滚珠丝杠寿命，或包括基于应用参数计算寿命的数学公式。一个好的设计实践是努力使螺杆和电机的预期寿命尽可能接近。

在必须更换现有线性执行器的情况下，请确保应用工程师拥有所有必要信息，以确保执行器良好配合。每当需要更换线性执行器时，建议像检查新产品一样检查应用。

A system's "efficiency" is usually missing from most manufacturers' literature, but it can tell the user how hot the actuator may get during operation, whether holding brakes should be specified in the system if the actuator uses a ball screw, and how long batteries may last in battery-powered systems, among other pertinent data. Calculating efficiency from performance curves is simple: divide mechanical power out by electrical power in. This yields the efficiency percentage.

While these factors are being calculated and decision making is moving toward final selection, one additional parameter should be addressed: the application's expected lifetime. Although linear actuator components (e.g., the motor or screw) can be replaced, most actuators cannot be easily repaired. In addition, it is important to cover application life expectancy because suppliers will sometimes indicate acme or ball screw life at a certain load, or include mathematical formulae to calculate life based on application parameters. A good design practice is to strive to have the screw and motor life expectancies match as closely as possible.

In those cases where an existing linear actuator must be replaced, ensure that the application engineer has all the necessary information to ensure a good fit. Whenever a linear actuator is subject to replacement, it is recommended to review the application as if it were new.

其他选择考虑因素：预算和经验

Other Selection Considerations: Budget and Experience

在心中清晰地了解线性执行器系统预算将有助于以实惠的价格选择最佳产品。提前进行预算规划绝对可以为用户节省大量选择时间，因为可以消除一些对于应用来说太昂贵的类型。如前所述，有许多公司根据客户的需求提供线性执行器。选择一家可靠的公司以获得最佳执行器功能和价格效果非常重要。

Having a clear picture of a linear actuator system budget in your mind will help in selecting the best product at an affordable price. Advanced budget planning can definitely save the user a lot of time in the selection process by eliminating some types that are too expensive for the application. As mentioned earlier, there are many companies providing linear actuators to the customers based on their requirements. It is important to choose a reliable company for the best results in terms of the actuator features and price.

与使用线性执行器的运动控制系统相关的常见产品：与使用线性执行器的运动控制系统相关的常见产品：

Common products associated with motion control systems using linear actuators:

交流电机：交流电机是一种由交流电驱动的电动机。交流电机用于将电能转换为机械能。这种机械能是利用流过其线圈的交流电产生的旋转磁场所施加的力产生的。交流电机由两个主要部件组成：位于外部并带有交流电线圈的固定定子，以及连接到输出轴的内部转子。

AC Motor: An AC Motor is an electric motor that is driven by alternating current. The AC Motor is used in the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is made from utilizing the force that is exerted by the rotating magnetic fields produced by the alternating current that flows through its coils. The AC Motor is made up of two major components: the stationary stator that is on the outside and has coils supplied with AC current, and the inside rotor that is attached to the output shaft.

制动器：制动器是一种阻止和减少机械运动的装置。制动器接合时，它会“滑动”直至驱动机构停止。制动器脱开时，机构可以自由旋转。制动器的原理类似于离合器。离合器将两个机构连接起来以传输运动和动力，而制动器将机构“连接”到固定框架以减少运动和动力。制动器：制动器是一种阻止和减少机械运动的装置。制动器接合时，它会“滑动”直至驱动机构停止。制动器脱开时，机构可以自由旋转。制动器的原理类似于离合器。离合器将两个机构连接起来以传输运动和动力，而制动器将机构“连接”到固定框架以减少运动和动力。

Brake: A brake is a device that resists and reduces the motion of a mechanism. When the brake is engaged, it "slips" until the driving mechanism stops. When the brake is disengaged, the mechanism can rotate freely. Brakes are similar in principle to clutches. A clutch couples two mechanisms in order to transmit motion and power, while a brake "couples" a mechanism to a fixed frame in order to reduce motion and power.

有刷直流电机：有刷直流电机是一种采用相对简单设计的直流 (DC) 电机。有刷电机是一种利用电和磁场产生扭矩的电动机，从而使电机旋转。在最简单的设计中，有刷电机需要两个极性相反的磁铁和一个电线圈，电线圈充当电磁铁。磁铁的排斥力和吸引力电磁力提供扭矩，使有刷电机旋转。

Brush DC Motor: A brush DC motor is a direct current (DC) motor that utilizes a relatively simple design. The brush motor is an electric motor that uses electricity and a magnetic field to produce torque, which rotates the motor. At its most simple design, a brush motor requires two magnets of opposite polarity and an electric coil, which acts as an electromagnet. The repellent and attractive electromagnetic forces of the magnets provide the torque that causes the brush motor to rotate.

无刷直流电机 (BLDC)：无刷直流电机是一种由直流电 (DC) 驱动的电动机。虽然无刷直流电机通常比标准电动或有刷电机更昂贵，但它比其前身具有相当大的优势。最值得注意的是，无刷直流电机比类似尺寸的有刷电机性能更好，磨损更少。

Brushless DC Motor (BLDC): A brushless DC motor is an electric motor powered by direct current (DC). Though typically more expensive than the standard electric or brushed motor, the brushless DC has considerable advantages over its predecessor. Most notably, a brushless DC motor boasts better performance and suffers less wear than brushed motors of similar size.

离合器：离合器是一种选择性地在两个机构（通常是旋转机构）之间传输动力的装置。当离合器接合时，它会“滑动”，直到两个机构以相同的速度旋转并传输动力。当离合器分离时，两个机构脱钩并允许以不同的速度旋转。不传输动力。离合器的原理类似于制动器。在制动器中，从动机构将连接到固定框架。

Clutch: A clutch is a device that transmits power between two mechanisms (usually rotating) selectively. When the clutch is engaged, it "slips" until the two mechanisms rotate at the same speed and power is transmitted. When the clutch is disengaged, the two mechanisms are de-coupled and allowed to rotate at different speeds. Power is not transmitted. Clutches are similar in principle to brakes. In a brake, the driven mechanism would be connected to a fixed frame.

扭矩限制器（Torq/Gard 和 Centric 离合器）用途：Centric 过载离合器和 Torq/Gard 离合器可在卡住负载条件下提供机器保护并减少维修时间。机械或气动扭矩限制器在多次过载后提供一致的扭矩水平。与摩擦式或剪切销式扭矩限制器不同，Centric 过载离合器和 Torq/Gard 可以提供一种无需操作员干预即可重置扭矩的精确方法。单位置离合器每次都会重新接合到精确的旋转位置。这对于时间至关重要的系统（例如装瓶、包装和纸张加工类型的应用）通常是必要的。

Torque Limiter (Torq/Gard and Centric Clutches) Uses: Centric Overload Clutches and Torq/Gard Clutches provide machine protection and reduced repair time during jamming load conditions. Mechanical or pneumatic torque limiters provide consistent torque levels after many overloads. Unlike friction style or shear pin-type torque limiters, Centric Overload Clutches and Torq/Gard can provide an accurate method of resetting the torque with no operator intervention. A single position clutch will re-engage in the exact rotational position each time. This is often necessary for a system wherein timing is critical, such as bottling, packaging, and paper converting type applications.

联轴器：联轴器是一种连接两个通常同轴（直列）轴的装置，用于在轴之间传输动力。联轴器可以与离合器结合，用作离合器联轴器或扭矩限制器。在高速下，联轴器能够以恒定速度传输高扭矩。某些类型的联轴器可能能够补偿横向、轴向和角度错位。

Coupling: A coupling is a device that connects two generally coaxial (inline) shafts at their ends in order to transmit power between them. A coupling can be incorporated with a clutch to serve as a clutch-coupling or a torque limiter. At high speeds, couplings are capable of transmitting high torque at a constant velocity. Certain types of couplings may be able to compensate for lateral, axial, and angular misalignments.

变速箱：变速箱是一种将能量从一个设备传输到另一个设备的机械装置。变速箱用于增加扭矩并降低速度。扭矩是通过弯曲或扭曲固体材料产生的功率。该术语通常与传动互换使用。变速箱：变速箱是一种将能量从一个设备传输到另一个设备的机械装置。变速箱用于增加扭矩并降低速度。扭矩是通过弯曲或扭曲固体材料产生的功率。该术语通常与传动互换使用。

Gearbox: A gearbox is a mechanical device that transfers energy from one device to another. A gearbox is used to increase torque while reducing speed. Torque is the power generated through the bending or twisting of a solid material. This term is often used interchangeably with transmission.

线性执行器电机：线性执行器电机是提供直线推拉动力的电机。不同类型的线性执行器电机用途广泛：有些用于移动工业机器上的工作台，而有些更适合调节控制阀、驱动物料搬运设备、装瓶和包装以及机器人，以及在设备上来回移动打印机和扫描仪头。大型线性执行器电机可以驱动建筑设备上的铲子和升降机。它们可用于家庭自动化项目，例如提供音频扬声器的振荡运动、降低或升高电视机，以及用于某些太阳能系统。线性执行器电机：线性执行器电机是提供直线推拉动力的电机。不同类型的线性执行器电机用途广泛：有些用于移动工业机器上的工作台，而有些更适合调节控制阀、驱动物料搬运设备、装瓶和包装以及机器人，以及在设备上来回移动打印机和扫描仪头。大型线性执行器电机可以驱动建筑设备上的铲子和升降机。它们可用于家庭自动化项目，例如提供音频扬声器的振荡运动、降低或升高电视机，以及用于某些太阳能系统。

Linear Actuator Motors: Linear actuator motors are motors that provide push and pull motive force in a straight line. There are many uses for many different types of linear actuator motors: some will be used to move work tables on industrial machines, while others are better suited to modulate control valves, drive material handling equipment, bottling and packaging and robotics, and move printer and scanner heads back and forth on equipment. Large linear actuator motors can drive shovels and lifts on construction equipment. They can be used for home automation projects, such as providing the oscillatory motion of audio loudspeakers, lowering or raising televisions, and in some solar energy systems.

线性导轨：线性导轨是一种机械线性运动轴承系统或线性滑块，旨在提供自由运动。线性导轨有时也称为线性致动器。

Linear Guide: A linear guide is a mechanical linear motion bearing system or linear slide that is designed to provide free motion. Linear guides are sometimes referred to as linear actuators.

旋转接头：旋转接头或旋转接头是一种用于将流体和气体从一处输送到另一处的装置，通常在高压下进行。此外，旋转接头设计用于锁定输入阀，同时旋转或转动以接通出口。许多旋转接头包含多个端口，其中一些设计用于同时处理不同类型的材料。

Rotary Union: A rotary union, or rotating union, is a device used to conduct fluids and gases from one point to another, often under high pressure. Additionally, a rotating union is designed to lock onto an input valve while rotating or swiveling to meet an outlet. Many rotary unions incorporate multiple ports, some of which are designed to handle different types of material simultaneously.

滑环：滑环（电气工程术语）是一种通过旋转组件进行电气连接的方法。滑环也称为旋转电气接口、旋转电气连接器、集电器、转环或电气旋转接头，通常用于交流系统和交流发电机的发电机以及包装机械、电缆卷筒和风力涡轮机。两个滑环中的一个连接到电枢绕组的一端，另一个连接到电枢绕组的另一端。

Slip Ring: A slip ring (in electrical engineering terms) is a method of making an electrical connection through a rotating assembly. Slip rings, also called rotary electrical interfaces, rotating electrical connectors, collectors, swivels, or electrical rotary joints, are commonly found in electrical generators for AC systems and alternators and in packaging machinery, cable reels, and wind turbines. One of the two rings is connected to one end of the armature winding and the other is connected to the other end of the armature winding.

伺服电机：伺服电机是一种使用误差校正程序来校正其运动的自动装置。伺服一词可用于伺服电机以外的系统：使用编码器或其他反馈装置等反馈机制来控制运动参数的系统。通常，当使用伺服一词时，它适用于“伺服电机”，但也用作一般控制术语，这意味着使用反馈回路来定位物品。

Servo Motor: A servo motor is defined as an automatic device that uses an error-correction routine to correct its motion. The term servo can be applied to systems other than a servo motor: systems that use a feedback mechanism such as an encoder or other feedback device to control the motion parameters. Typically, when the term servo is used, it applies to a 'servo motor' but is also used as a general control term, meaning that a feedback loop is used to position an item.

步进电机：步进电机是一种电气设备，它将电机的整个旋转过程划分为称为步进的各个部分。通常，步进电机是无刷电机，以便于同步旋转，并且无需在齿轮本身上输入外部源即可运行。简而言之，步进电机设计有电磁铁，这些电磁铁排列在轴周围的特定位置，每个电磁铁上都刻有齿。这些齿与齿轮本身上的齿相匹配。当齿轮旋转时，一个部分与第一个电磁铁的齿相匹配，使齿与另一个电磁铁错开，并在旋转时重复该动作。步进电机：步进电机是一种电气设备，它将电机的整个旋转过程划分为称为步进的各个部分。通常，步进电机是无刷电机，以便于同步旋转，并且无需在齿轮本身上输入外部源即可运行。简而言之，步进电机设计有电磁铁，这些电磁铁排列在轴周围的特定位置，每个电磁铁上都刻有齿。这些齿与齿轮本身上的齿相匹配。当齿轮旋转时，一个部分与第一个电磁铁的齿相匹配，使齿与另一个电磁铁错开，并在旋转时重复该动作。

Stepper Motor: A stepper motor is an electrical device that divides the full rotation of the motor into individual parts called steps. Generally, stepper motors are brushless in order to facilitate a synchronous rotation and operate without the input of an external source on the gear itself. Simply stated, stepper motors are designed with electromagnets which are arranged in specific locations around the shaft, each engraved with teeth. These teeth match the teeth that are placed on the gear itself. As the gear rotates, one section matches with the teeth of the first electromagnet, offsetting the teeth from the other electromagnets, and repeating the action as it rotates.

工作台/滑块/工作台：工作台、滑块、工作台和线性致动器这些术语经常互换使用，尽管它们之间存在显著差异。Anaheim Automation 提供两种类型的螺杆驱动定位工作台：标准螺杆驱动工作台和精密螺杆驱动工作台。一些线性工作台采用无支撑导轨设计，而另一些线性工作台采用支撑导轨设计，采用不锈钢 400 系列精密轧制导螺杆，精度高达 0.003 英寸英尺，表面抛光，螺母为零间隙。这些螺杆驱动工作台（梯形和滚珠丝杠）可用作开环或闭环系统（其中步进电机与编码器组装在一起）。可用选项包括：轻型或重型配置、行程长度、归位和限位开关以及导螺杆螺距。这些工作台非常适合拾取和放置操作、圆形和线性插值、点对点运动、插销、检查和测试设备、雕刻、零件定位和组装，具有极高的性价比。

Table/Slide/Stage: The terms table, slide, stage and linear actuator are often used inter-changeably, even though there are significant differences among them. Anaheim Automation carries two types of screw-driven positioning tables: standard screw-driven and precision screw-driven tables. Some linear tables are designed with unsupported rails and others with supported rails that utilize the stainless steel 400 series precision rolled lead screw, accurate up to 0.003"ft, with a burnished finish and a zero backlash nut. These screw-driven tables (acme and ball screw) are available as open-loop or closed-loop systems (wherein stepper motors are assembled with encoders). Available options are: light or heavy-duty configurations, travel lengths, homing and limit switches, and lead screw pitch. Ideal for pick-and-place operations, circular and linear interpolation, point-to-point motion, pin-insertion, inspection and test equipment, engraving, part positioning, and assembly, these tables yield a great cost/performance ratio.