振动分析的完整指南（中英文）

如果寻找一种方法来让机器更长时间地保持良好的运行，振动分析将大有帮助。振动分析是任何工业可靠性计划的重要组成部分。它可以帮助团队监控机器的健康状况，预测维护需求并快速诊断缺陷。

本文介绍了什么是振动分析以及它可以做些什么。仔细研究用于振动分析的工具、软件和方法。

振动分析是可靠性中心维护 (RCM) 和预测性维护 (PdM) 计划的核心。它通常与其他无损检测维护技术相结合，如油分析、热成像、超声波检测和电机电流分析。

If you’re looking for a way to keep your machines running better for longer, vibration analysis can be a huge help. Vibration analysis is a crucial component of any industrial reliability program. It helps teams monitor machine health, predict maintenance needs, and diagnose defects quickly.

This article explains what vibration analysis is and what it can do for your organization. We’ll also closely examine the tools, software, and methodology used for vibration analysis.

Vibration analysis is at the core of reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) and predictive maintenance (PdM) programs. It’s often coupled with other non-destructive testing maintenance technologies like oil analysis, thermography, ultrasonic testing, and motor current analysis.

什么是振动分析？

What is Vibration Analysis?

振动分析是测量和分析资产振动模式的过程。这是一种行之有效的延长资产使用寿命和减少计划外停机时间的方法。

现代振动传感器和分析工具可以在问题仍然易于修复的早期阶段识别故障。这可以避免代价高昂的连锁故障，并为维护计划、采购和设备安全停机留出时间。

作为任何状态监测或预测性维护计划的关键组成部分，振动分析提供了维护领导者所需的见解。这样，决策者就可以提前预防机器故障并推动更高效的维护计划。

Vibration analysis is the process of measuring and analyzing your asset vibration patterns. It’s a proven, highly effective way to extend asset lifespan and reduce unplanned downtime.

Modern vibration sensors and analytic tools can identify faults at an early stage when problems are still easy to repair. This avoids costly cascade failures and allows time for maintenance planning, procurement, and safe shutdown of equipment.

As a key component of any condition monitoring or predictive maintenance program, vibration analysis provides the insights maintenance leaders need. That way, decision-makers can stay ahead of machine failure and drive more efficient maintenance planning.

振动分析如何工作？

How Does Vibration Analysis Work?

旋转机械的每个部件在使用时都会以离散且可量化的速率振动。一定程度的振动是正常的。但是，当资产开始过度振动或以异常频率振动时，可能表明资产出现故障或正在恶化。

振动分析可以查明振动源，对其进行诊断，然后采取适当的措施进行纠正。维护团队使用各种工具从关键资产和组件收集振动数据。然后，可以分析这些数据以了解资产的健康状况。

诊断软件收集和处理资产的振动数据，识别异常，并在资产需要维修时通知维护团队。必要时，振动分析专家会进行更深入的诊断并为工作人员提供后续步骤的建议。

一些振动分析软件直接与计算机化维护管理系统 (CMMS) 通信。只要振动水平超过预定阈值或警报，良好的 CMMS 就可以生成自动工作指令。

Every component of rotating machinery vibrates at a discrete and quantifiable rate when it’s in use. Some degree of vibration is normal. But when an asset starts to vibrate excessively or at an abnormal frequency, it may indicate that your asset is malfunctioning or deteriorating.

Vibration analysis lets you pinpoint the source of vibration, diagnose it, and then take the appropriate action to correct it. Maintenance teams use a variety of tools to collect vibration data from critical assets and components. Then, they can analyze that data for insights into asset health.

Diagnostic software collects and processes your asset’s vibration data, identifies anomalies, and notifies maintenance teams when an asset needs repairs. When necessary, vibration analysis experts perform a more in-depth diagnosis and advise your crew on the next steps.

Some vibration analysis software communicates directly with a computerized maintenance management system (CMMS). A good CMMS can generate automatic work orders whenever vibration levels cross a predetermined threshold or alarm.

认识振动

Understanding Vibration

振动是物体围绕中心位置的振动，是理解和测量工业机械健康状况的关键概念。所有旋转机器都会产生振动，每项资产都有自己独特的振动特征。当机器的振动水平发生变化时，通常表明该资产需要维护。

由于振动是一种非常重要的诊断工具，因此每家依赖工业机械的公司都将受益于使用振动分析。事实上，振动分析是任何基于条件的监控或预测性维护计划的关键要素。如果做得正确，振动分析可以精确定位新出现的资产故障的确切位置和性质，以便维护团队可以快速进行维修。

振动通常以频率和振幅来衡量。振动频率以赫兹为单位，描述每秒的振动次数。振动振幅描述每次振动的大小，或从中心静止位置行进的距离。

振动分析师在时间域中研究振动水平，以全面了解振动峰值发生的时间。他们还使用快速傅里叶变换 (FFT) 来解构振动波形并绘制振动发生的频率。结合使用不同的分析（FFT 和波形）可以让分析师对关键资产的健康状况有有用的了解。

Vibration, the oscillation of an object around a central position, is a key concept for understanding and measuring the health of industrial machinery. All rotating machines generate vibrations, and every asset has its own, unique vibration signature. When a machine’s vibration levels change, it’s usually an indication that the asset needs maintenance.

Because vibration is such an important diagnostic tool, every company that relies on industrial machinery will benefit from using vibration analysis. In fact, vibration analysis is a crucial element of any condition-based monitoring or predictive maintenance program. Done right, vibration analysis can pinpoint the exact location and nature of emerging asset faults, so that maintenance teams can make repairs quickly.

Vibration is typically measured in frequency and amplitude. Vibration frequency, measured in Hertz, describes the number of oscillations per second. Vibration amplitude describes the size of each oscillation, or the distance travelled from the central, resting position.

Vibration analysts study vibration levels in the time domain, to get an overall picture of when vibration peaks are occurring. They also use the Fast Fourier Transform, or FFT, to deconstruct the vibration waveform and plot which frequencies vibration occurs in. Using a combination of different analyses (FFT and waveform) can give analysts useful insights into the health of critical assets.

振动测量类型

Types of Vibration Measurement

振动以频率、速度、加速度、速度和位移来测量。

频率测量振动物体每秒进行的振动次数。频率以赫兹为单位。

位移测量振动物体从其中心移动的距离。最大位移称为振幅。位移以毫米为单位。

速度测量位移率的变化，以毫米/秒为单位。

加速度测量速度随时间的变化，也以毫米/秒为单位。

大多数振动测量都是通过加速度计进行的，加速度计测量资产和组件发出的冲击和振动。许多加速度计（包括大多数无线传感器）都依赖于压电技术，该技术将物理振动转换为电信号。

技术人员使用各种振动监测工具来监测资产的振动水平。在基于路线的维护期间使用的手持式监视器可以捕获振动水平的快照。无线振动传感器可以在机器运行的整个过程中实时收集振动数据，并将数据传输到云端进行分析。如今，大多数工厂在其关键资产上使用无线传感器。这些传感器可以捕捉到振动水平的细微变化。它们也易于安装在资产和零部件上，因此可以提供有针对性的数据。

Vibration is measured in frequency, velocity, acceleration, velocity, and displacement.

Frequency measures the number of oscillations a vibrating object performs per second. Frequency is measured in Hertz.

Displacement measures how far a vibrating object moves from its center. The maximum displacement is referred to as amplitude. Displacement is measured in milimeters.

Velocity measures changes in the rate of displacement and is measured in milimeters per second.

Acceleration measures changes in velocity over time and is also measured in milimeters per second.

Most vibration measurements are taken with a form of accelerometer, which measures the shocks and vibration emitted by assets and components. Many accelerometers – including most wireless sensors – rely on piezoelectric technology, which converts physical vibrations into electrical signals.

Technicians use a wide range of vibration monitoring tools to monitor an asset’s vibration levels. Hand-held monitors, used during route-based maintenance, can capture a snapshot of vibration levels. Wireless vibration sensors can collect vibration data in real-time, throughout a machine’s operation, and can stream that data to the cloud for analysis. Today, most plants use wireless sensors on their critical assets. These sensors can pick up on even subtle changes in vibration levels. They are also easy to mount on assets and component parts, so that they can provide targeted data.

进行振动分析：分步过程

Conducting Vibration Analysis: the Step by Step Process

每个操作都不同，但振动分析应始终包括以下过程：

第一步：规划和实施

在此阶段，团队制定资产层次结构并确定哪些设备最为关键。这使团队可以决定要监控哪些资产。

在实施阶段，管理者应该确定哪种传感器最适合工厂，以及将它们安装在何处。还应该决定使用哪些工具来分析振动数据。

第二步：分析和解释数据

有许多不同的工具可用于分析振动数据。CMMS 可以组织用户的数据并在振动水平超过预定阈值时发出警报。好的 CMMS 甚至可以根据振动水平的变化自动生成工作指令。

如今，人工智能可以根据振动数据成功诊断机器故障。先进工具可以在没有任何人工输入的情况下“读取”机器测试，查明机器故障，甚至向维护人员发出详细的维修建议。

第三步：修复故障

一旦振动数据被收集和分析，维护人员就可以进行必要的维修。振动分析使团队能够尽早发现新出现的故障，以便轻松进行维修。

这意味着计划外停机时间显著减少，因为工作人员可以提前发现资产故障。这也意味着运营效率更高，维护成本更低。

Every operation is different, but vibration analysis should always include these processes:

Step One: Planning and Implementation

At this stage, teams develop an asset hierarchy and determine which equipment is most critical. This allows the teams to decide which assets they will monitor.

During the implementation stage, you should determine what kind of sensors are most appropriate for your plant, and where you’ll install them. You should also decide which tools you’ll use to analyze your vibration data.

Step Two: Analyzing and Interpreting Data

There are a number of different tools available for analyzing vibration data. A CMMS can organize your data and issue alerts when vibration levels cross a pre-determined threshold. A good CMMS can even auto-generate work orders in response to changes in vibration levels.

Today, artificial intelligence can successfully diagnose machine faults based on vibration data. State-of-the-art tools can “read” machine tests without any human input, pinpoint machine faults, and even issue detailed recommendations for maintenance crews to make repairs.

Step Three: Repairing Faults

Once your vibration data has been collected and analyzed, maintenance crews can make the necessary repairs. Vibration analysis allows teams to catch new and emerging faults at the earliest possible stages, so that repairs are easy to carry out.

This means that there is a significant decrease in unplanned downtime, since crews can stay ahead of asset failure. It also means that there is greater operational efficiency and a reduction in maintenance costs.

振动分析应用

Vibration Analysis Applications

振动分析是任何主动维护计划中不可或缺的要素。通过允许技术人员尽早发现机器故障，振动分析可以最大限度地利用可用资源、提高生产率和效率。

振动分析是任何旋转资产或任何包含旋转部件的工业机器的绝佳方法。它通常用于：

• 纠正压缩机和涡轮机等旋转设备的不平衡

• 诊断轴错位

• 确定轴承故障

• 诊断旋转设备的松动情况

振动分析还可以诊断其他资产故障，例如泵叶轮、电机定子和电机绕组的缺陷等。

Vibration analysis is a vital ingredient in any proactive maintenance program. By allowing technicians to identify machine faults early, vibration analysis maximizes available resources, increases productivity, and boosts efficiency.

Vibration analysis is a great approach for any rotating asset, or for any industrial machine that includes a rotating component. It is often used to:

• Correct unbalance in rotating assets like compressors and turbines

• Diagnose shaft misalignment

• Identify bearing faults

• Diagnose looseness in rotating equipment

Vibration analysis can also diagnose other asset faults, like defects in pump impellers, motor stators, and electric motor winding, to name just a few examples.

振动分析如何与状态监测配合使用？

How Does Vibration Analysis Work with Condition Monitoring?

状态监测和以可靠性为中心的维护是主动维护方法，通过监测振动、润滑质量、温度和能耗等参数来跟踪资产健康状况。一些状态监测程序会持续收集数据并将其传输到基于云的软件进行实时振动分析。

由于振动分析有助于及早发现故障，因此它是许多成功的状态监测程序的核心。它利用振动传感器、振动分析软件和专家人工分析，向维护团队发出设备性能下降的早期迹象警报。也许这很明显，但这就是它被视为预测性维护的原因。

然而，振动分析不仅适用于预测性维护。还可以使用振动数据来诊断现有的机器故障或查明持续问题的根源。这个过程称为根本原因故障分析或 RCFA。例如，纠正旋转不平衡的工具依靠振动分析来定位和补救不平衡的根源。

Condition monitoring and reliability-centered maintenance are proactive maintenance approaches that track asset health by monitoring parameters like vibration, lubrication quality, temperature, and energy consumption. Some condition monitoring programs collect data continuously and stream it to cloud-based software for real-time vibration analysis.

Since vibration analysis helps identify faults early on, it’s at the heart of many successful condition monitoring programs. It alerts maintenance teams to very early signs of equipment degradation by utilizing vibration sensors, vibration analysis software, and expert human analysis. Perhaps it’s obvious, but is this is why it’s considered predictive maintenance.

However, vibration analysis isn’t only for predictive maintenance. You can also use vibration data to diagnose existing machine faults or pinpoint the source of a persistent problem. This process is called root cause failure analysis, or RCFA. Tools that correct rotational unbalance, for example, rely on vibration analysis to locate and remedy the source of unbalance.

振动分析有哪些好处？

What are the Benefits of Vibration Analysis?

振动分析可以在机器故障变得严重到足以被视为故障模式的几个月前就识别出正在发生的机器故障。早期测试为维护团队提供了充足的时间进行维修，而不会打乱生产计划或产生意外停机成本。

振动分析可以：

• 诊断现有机器故障

• 确定故障严重程度

• 指导维护优先级

• 全面了解资产健康状况

• 大幅减少机器故障

• 协助预测、预算和库存

• 提高工厂安全性

• 减少突然、意外的工作停工

• 延长资产使用寿命

Vibration analysis can identify developing machine faults many months before they become critical enough to be considered a failure mode. Early testing gives maintenance teams plenty of time to make repairs without disrupting production schedules or incurring the cost of unexpected downtime.

Vibration analysis can:

• Diagnose existing machine faults

• Determine fault severity levels

• Guide maintenance priorities

• Create an overall picture of asset health

• Drastically reduce machine breakdowns

• Assist in forecasting, budgeting, and inventory

• Improve plant safety

• Reduce sudden, unexpected work stoppages

• Increase asset lifespan

振动分析可以检测什么？

What Can Vibration Analysis Detect?

虽然有 1,200 多种可识别的故障情况，但许多常见的机械故障都是由于以下四个因素之一引起的：

• 不平衡

• 松动

• 错位

• 轴承退化

强大的振动分析程序可以在这些故障变得严重之前诊断出来。越早发现，维修设备就越容易，也越经济高效。

While there are more than 1,200 identifiable fault conditions, many common machinery failures happen due to one of four factors:

• Unbalance

• Looseness

• Misalignment

• Bearing degradation

A robust vibration analysis program can diagnose these faults  before they become severe. The sooner they’re identified, the easier and more cost-effective it will be to repair your equipment.

以下是振动分析在特定情况下的工作原理：

Here’s how vibrational analysis works in specific cases:

使用振动分析纠正不平衡

Using Vibration Analysis to Correct Unbalance

旋转不平衡是泵、风扇、涡轮机和压缩机等旋转设备损坏的主要原因。即使是相对较小的不平衡也会导致轴承磨损。机器通常会增加能耗和过热，从而导致故障。

旋转不平衡可能是制造缺陷的结果。但它也可能随着时间的推移而发展，原因是：

• 安装错误

• 热变形

• 腐蚀或退化

• 轴弯曲或断裂

• 缺少平衡重量

振动分析是找到不平衡源的最佳方法之一。优秀的旋转平衡工具可以在现场读取振动读数，并指导维护团队完成纠正不平衡的过程。

平衡工具足够灵敏和精确，可以在早期诊断不平衡，此时修复仍然很容易且具有成本效益。

Rotational unbalance is a leading cause of damage in rotating assets, like pumps, fans, turbines, and compressors. Even relatively minor unbalance can cause wear and tear on bearings. Machines will often increase energy consumption and overheat, leading to breakdowns.

Rotational unbalance can be the result of a manufacturing defect. But it can also develop over time, due to:

• Faulty mounting

• Heat distortion

• Corrosion or degradation

• Bent or broken shafts

• Missing balance weights

Vibration analysis is one of the best ways to locate the source of unbalance. An excellent rotational balancing tool can take vibration readings in the field and guide maintenance teams through the process of correcting  unbalance.

The Balancer is sensitive and precise enough to diagnose unbalance early on, when it’s still easy and cost-effective to repair.

使用振动分析识别轴错位

Using Vibration Analysis to Identify Shaft Misalignment

轴错位是导致电机驱动设备故障的另一个主要原因。短期内，错位会导致泄漏、零件过度磨损和生产率下降。随着时间的推移，错位的轴和联轴器会损坏零部件并导致计划外停机。

实现精确对准并不总是那么容易，但它至关重要。即使看似微小的错位也会影响用户的生产计划并增加运营和维护成本。振动分析是识别错位的最佳方法之一。优质的激光轴对中工具可以帮助以高精度解决该问题。

Shaft misalignment is another leading cause of failure for motor-driven equipment. In the short term, misalignment can cause leaks, undue wear and tear on parts, and a slowdown in productivity. Over time, misaligned shafts and couplings can break down component parts and cause unplanned shutdowns.

It’s not always easy to achieve precision alignment, but it’s critical. Even seemingly minor misalignment can impact your production schedule and increase  operational and maintenance costs. Vibration analysis is one of the best ways to identify misalignment. And a quality laser shaft alignment tool can help resolve the issue to a high degree of precision.

使用振动分析识别轴承故障

Using Vibration Analysis to Identify Bearing Faults

随着时间的推移，工业机械不可避免地需要维修或更换。在部件发生故障之前尽早进行测试，可以使设备运行更长时间，并使维修更容易管理。

振动分析是监控设备轴承和其他部件健康状况的好方法。了解正在经历的轴承磨损类型对于根本原因故障分析 (RCFA) 至关重要，它可以帮助用户诊断和处理问题的实际原因。诊断软件可以在这里发挥重要作用，加快分析振动数据的过程。

使用振动分析意味着用户将主动更换部件。一般来说，这种方法比基于间隔的维护方法更具成本效益。用户无需按照固定的时间表更换可能无故障的组件，而是根据需要更换它们，从而节省时间、劳动力和不必要的成本。

Over time, industrial machinery will inevitably need to be repaired or replaced. Testing components early, far before they fail, can keep equipment operating longer and make repairs easier to manage.

Vibration analysis is a great way to monitor the health of your equipment bearings and other components. Knowing the type of bearing wear you are experiencing is crucial for root cause failure analysis (RCFA), which helps you diagnose and treat the actual cause of a problem. Diagnostic software can make a big difference here, speeding the process of analyzing your vibration data.

Using vibration analysis means that you’ll replace components proactively. In general, this approach is significantly more cost-effective than an interval-based maintenance approach. Instead of replacing potentially fault-free components on a fixed schedule, you’ll change them as needed which saves you time, labor, and unnecessary costs.

使用振动分析诊断松动

Using Vibration Analysis to Diagnose Looseness

松动有几种不同的类型：

• 支脚、底板或基础处的 A 型松动。

• 紧固件的 B 型松动或由于框架结构中的裂缝而导致的松动。

• 组件配合不当和磨损导致的 C 型松动。

振动分析可以帮助用户查明松动的确切来源，以便用户在问题导致系统故障之前纠正它。

Looseness comes in several different varieties:

• Type A looseness at the feet, baseplate, or foundation.

• Type B looseness of the fasteners or due to cracks in the frame structure.

• Type C looseness caused by improper component fits and wear.

Vibration analysis can help you pinpoint the exact source of looseness, so that you can correct it before the problem  leads to a system failure.

使用振动分析诊断其他机器故障

Using Vibration Analysis to Diagnose Other Machine Faults

当今的一些人工智能软件可以使用振动数据诊断各种系统中的数百种故障。例如，泵叶轮、电机定子和电动机绕组。

经验丰富的技术人员可以使用振动分析设备执行 RCFA 并诊断常见和不常见的缺陷。拥有的机器状况数据越多，就能越有效地利用这些数据找出严重故障的根源并保持机器正常运行。

总体而言，振动分析设备可以提高安全性、减少计划外的工时、削减预算并提高生产率。这就是为什么它是任何状况监测或预测性维护计划的必备工具。

Some of today’s AI-powered software can use vibration data to diagnose hundreds of faults in various systems. Think pump impellers, motor stators, and electric motor winding, to name a few examples.

Experienced technicians can perform an RCFA and diagnose both common and uncommon defects with vibration analysis equipment. The more condition data you have for a machine, the more effectively you can use it to get to the heart of serious faults and keep your operation running.

Overall, vibration analysis equipment can improve safety, reduce unplanned labor hours, cut your budget, and increase productivity. That’s why it’s an essential tool for any condition monitoring or predictive maintenance program.

如何测量振动

How to Measure Vibration

根据需求，简化的监视器或专业的手持式振动分析仪可以帮助进行基于路线的振动数据收集。

多功能无线传感器和集成有线工具可自动收集振动数据。要测量的资产类型以及想要设置的任何参数都可以指导用户选择工具。

Depending on your needs, a simplified monitor or expert handheld vibration analyzer can help you conduct route-based vibration data collection.

Versatile wireless sensors and integrated, wired tools collect vibration data automatically. The kind of assets you’re measuring, as well as any parameters you’d like to set, can guide your choice of tool.

以下是一些用于测量振动水平的最有用的工具：

Here are some of the most helpful tools for measuring vibration levels:

加速度计

Accelerometers

加速度计是大多数振动分析应用的核心。它们测量资产或组件发出的冲击和振动。

大多数加速度计都有一个内部压电 (IEPE) 传感器或电容式 (MEMS) 传感器。两者都将物理振动转换为电信号，然后将其记录并存储为振动数据。

加速度计以加速度（力的量度）的形式收集数据。然后可以将这些数据转换为速度（速度的量度）或位移（距离的量度）。

Accelerometers are at the core of most vibration analysis applications. They measure the shocks and vibrations emitted by an asset or a component.

Most accelerometers have an internal piezoelectric (IEPE) sensor or a capacitive-type (MEMS) sensor. Both convert physical vibrations into electrical signals, which are then recorded and stored as vibration data.

Accelerometers collect data in acceleration, a measure of force. This data can then be converted into velocity, a measure of speed or, displacement a measure of distance.

振动计

Vibration Meters

振动计是一种简化的手持设备，内置加速度计和显示屏。它提供资产整体振动水平的即时读数。

仪表提供振动速度、加速度和位移的即时读数。大多数仪表还可以存储振动测量值，以便用户可以轻松地跟踪资产随时间推移的健康状况。

振动计用于日常监测。它们是熟练的工业机器操作员手中的强大工具，使他们能够筛查新机器故障或正在发生的机器故障的迹象。

当资产已经出现故障迹象时，振动计还可以排除故障并诊断机器故障。收集振动数据可以帮助查明资产故障的原因，以便工作团队可以进行维修并恢复工作。

A vibration meter is a simplified handheld device with a built-in accelerometer and a display screen. It provides instant readings of an asset’s overall vibration levels.

Meters provide instant readings of vibration velocity, acceleration, and displacement. Most meters can also store vibration measurements so that you can easily track an asset’s health over time.

Vibration meters are used for day-to-day monitoring. They are a powerful tool in the hands of a skilled industrial machine operator, allowing them to screen for signs of a new or developing machine fault.

Vibration meters can also troubleshoot and diagnose machine faults when an asset already shows signs of trouble. Collecting vibration data can help you pinpoint the cause of an asset malfunction so that your teams can make repairs and get back to work.

振动测试仪

Vibration Testers

振动测试仪将振动计的功能与诊断功能相结合。该工具可以测量整体振动水平，并利用它们现场诊断机器故障。

优质的振动测试仪还可以报告故障严重程度并提供具体的维修建议。对于专业知识有限的团队，振动测试仪可以大大弥补技能差距。

A vibration tester combines a vibration meter’s functionality with diagnostic capabilities. The tool can measure overall vibration levels and use them to diagnose machine faults on the spot.

A quality vibration tester can also report on fault severity levels and provide specific repair recommendations. For expertise-constrained teams, a vibration tester can go a long way to filling the skills gap.

振动分析仪

Vibration Analyzers

振动分析仪和振动测试仪有许多相似之处。这两种工具都可以提供即时振动读数，诊断和评估常见故障，在某些情况下还可以提出维护建议。

现代振动分析仪具有多个通道，可以即时测量振动水平。除了测量整体振动水平外，它还可以进行多相测量和 FFT 频谱数据。因此，它是一种功能强大的工具，可以高效收集高质量的振动数据，快速查明任何不平衡的确切来源，并持续进行故障排除，直到问题得到纠正。

Vibration analyzers and vibration testers have many similarities. Both tools provide instant vibration readings, diagnose and assess  common faults, and in some cases, can make  maintenance recommendations.

A modern vibration analyzer has multiple channels, allowing it to measure vibration levels instantaneously. In addition to measuring overall vibration levels, it can also take multi-phase measurements and FFT spectrum data. The result is a powerful tool that can efficiently collect high-quality vibration data, pinpoint the exact source of any unbalance quickly, and keep  troubleshooting until the issue is corrected.

无线振动传感器

Wireless Vibration Sensors

无线振动系统几乎无需人工干预即可监控多台机器。这种联网传感器技术将振动监控集成到工厂中传统路线程序无法覆盖的区域。

无线振动系统使用简单：只需将每个传感器安装在资产或组件上，它就会全天候收集振动数据。每个传感器都会将数据传输到云端，通过强大的人工智能软件进行处理。

无线振动传感器可以成为预测性维护策略的关键组成部分。它们提供关键数据，以便准确、具体地预测用户的资产何时可能需要维修。当与分析软件配对时，振动传感器可以帮助团队大幅减少停机时间并提高生产力。

Wireless vibration systems can monitor many machines with little human intervention. This connected sensor technology integrates vibration monitoring into areas of a plant that would be excluded from a traditional route-based program.

Wireless vibration systems are simple to use: Just mount each sensor on an asset or component and it will collect vibration data around the clock. Each sensor streams data to the cloud for processing via powerful artificial intelligence software.

Wireless vibration sensors can be a key component of predictive maintenance strategies. They provide crucial data to make accurate, specific predictions about when your assets are likely to need repairs. When they’re paired with analytic software, vibration sensors can help teams dramatically reduce shutdowns and increase productivity.

有线在线状态监测

Wired Online Condition Monitoring

有线在线状态监测系统顾名思义就是：一个有线加速度计网络，通过互联网连接，向分析程序报告。专业人员通常使用这些系统来监控高度关键、复杂的机器。

有线在线状态监测系统提供卓越的监测能力。这些系统旨在收集关键资产的高质量、连续数据。当这些数据由强大的软件与 AI 分析引擎结合处理时，它可以为用户运营的关键设备提供动态、深入的洞察。

有线和无线振动传感器系统都是监控资产的有效工具。但最适合企业的系统取决于运营规模、设备的关键程度以及预算。

Wired online condition monitoring systems are just what they sound like: a network of wired accelerometers, connected by the internet, that report back to  an analytic program. Professionals typically use these systems to monitor  highly critical, complex machines.

Wired online condition monitoring systems provide superior monitoring capacity. These systems are engineered to collect high-quality, continuous data on your most critical assets. When that data is processed by powerful software coupled with AI analytical engines, it provides dynamic, in-depth insights into your operation’s critical equipment.

Both wired and wireless vibration sensor systems are effective tools for monitoring your assets. But the system best for your enterprise depends on the size of your operation, criticality of your equipment, and your budget.

振动分析工具如何评估振动

How Vibration Analysis Tools Assess Vibration

借助振动分析工具，可以通过评估两个重要指标来研究振动数据：时间波形和频谱。

时间波形将振动数据呈现为一系列峰值和谷值，并与时间成比例。从加速度角度来看，时间波形本质上是原始数据。波形图将准确指示机器的峰值振动水平发生的时间。它还表明峰值振动的严重程度。

虽然时间波形很有用，但它很复杂，难以分析。它并不总是提供诊断机器状况的确切性质所需的简明信息。这就是频谱分析和 FFT 的用武之地。

快速傅里叶变换 (FFT) 将现有的波形数据转换为频率数据。它使用转换后的波形创建所有组件频率的图形表示。

为什么这很有用？每个组件都以自己的频率振动，频率分析会显示哪些组件的振动强度最大。这样，就可以查看单个组件的频率，以确定潜在故障的根本原因。越早发现问题，就能越快解决问题并恢复正常业务。

With the help of a vibration analysis tool, you can study vibration data by assessing two important metrics: the time waveform and the frequency spectrum.

The time waveform presents vibration data as a series of peaks and valleys, mapped against time. When viewed in acceleration, the time waveform is essentially raw data. A waveform graph will indicate exactly when your machine’s peak vibration level occurs. It also indicates  how severe the peak vibration is.

While the time waveform is useful, it is complex and difficult to analyze. It does not always provide the concise information you need to diagnose the exact nature of your machine’s condition. That’s where frequency spectrum analysis and FFT come in.

The fast Fourier transform, or FFT, takes your existing waveform data and turns it into frequency data. It creates a graphical representation of all component frequencies with the converted waveform.

Why is this useful? Every component vibrates at its own frequency, and frequency analysis shows you which components are vibrating with the greatest intensity. That way, you can look at individual component frequencies to identify the root cause of a potential failure. The sooner you can identify the problem, the more quickly you can resolve it and resume business as usual.

三个关键振动分析参数

The Three Key Vibration Analysis Parameters

振动专家使用三个主要参数来评估机器健康状况：振动位移、速度和加速度。

位移是振动物体从其中心或起点移动的距离。它是识别低频范围内故障的最有力指标。位移用于诊断不平衡和轴颈（或滑动）轴承健康状况。

速度是振动物体在规定时间或速度内移动的距离。它测量中等频率，可以帮助诊断大多数机器故障的严重程度。速度读数通常是状态监测的首选测量显示，因为它在宽频率范围内具有平坦的幅度响应。

加速度是力的量度，指的是速度随时间变化的速率。它在测量非常高的频率时最有用。加速度可以帮助诊断早期轴承故障并发现泵系统中的气蚀和湍流等问题。

所有三个参数对于深入了解资产健康状况都很重要。好的振动测量工具可以显示基本信息，但最好的振动测量工具还提供整体振动水平、时间波形和 FFT 数据。

Vibration experts use three main parameters to assess machine health: vibration displacement, velocity, and acceleration.

Displacement is the distance a vibrating object moves from its center or starting point. It’s the strongest metric to identify faults in the lower frequency range. Displacement is used to diagnose unbalance and journal (or plain) bearing health.

Velocity is the distance a vibrating object moves over a defined time, or speed. It measures mid-level frequencies and can help diagnose the severity level of most machine faults. The velocity reading is commonly the preferred measurement display for condition monitoring because it has a flat amplitude response over a wide frequency range.

Acceleration is a measure of force and refers to the rate at which velocity changes over time. It’s most helpful when measuring very high frequencies. Acceleration can help diagnose early-stage bearing faults and spot issues like cavitation and turbulence in pump systems.

All three parameters are important for building a strong understanding of your asset health. A good vibration measurement tool can display the basics, but the best vibration measurement tools also provide overall vibration levels, time waveform, and FFT data.

AI 工具如何增强振动分析

How AI Tools Can Amplify Vibration Analysis

如果希望从振动测量工具中获得更多功能，那么下一代支持 AI 的设备将提供非凡的分析能力。最好的 AI 软件可以快速诊断机器故障，准确度令人印象深刻。

AI 解决方案可以诊断几乎任何类型资产中的 1200 种不同的机器和组件故障。它还可以确定严重程度并推荐解决方案。

AI 软件可以改变繁忙团队的游戏规则。如今，许多工厂已经在收集振动数据，但他们没有时间进行分析。AI 工具可以接管大多数功能机器的分析审查工作，让人类专家可以专注于更复杂的问题。

长期使用 AI 工具也有好处。AI 程序分析机器数据的时间越长，它们诊断问题的效率就越高。就像人类员工一样，AI 软件也会从经验中学习。只需确保选择的 AI 软件已在足够大的数据集上进行了正确的训练，这样就可以从高水平的专业知识开始。

If you want even more from your vibration measurement tools, the next generation of AI-enabled equipment offers extraordinary analytic capabilities. The best AI-driven software can quickly diagnose machine faults with an impressive degree of accuracy.

AI solutions can diagnose 1200 different machine and component faults in almost any kind of asset. It can also determine severity levels and recommend solutions.

AI software can be a game changer for busy teams. Many plants today are already collecting vibration data, but they don’t have the time to analyze it. AI tools can take over the drudgery of analytic review on mostly functional machines, freeing up human experts to focus on more complex problems.

There are benefits to using AI tools long-term, too. The longer AI programs analyze your machine data, the more effective they’ll become at diagnosing problems. Just like human employees, AI software learns from experience. Just make sure that you’re choosing AI software that’s been trained correctly on a large enough data set so that you’re starting with a high baseline of expertise.

与振动分析专家合作

Work with the Experts on Vibration Analysis

软件工具可以在很大程度上诊断机器故障，但它们并非单独工作。人工智能工具和其他软件与人类专家协同工作时才能发挥最佳作用。

Software tools can go a long way to diagnose machine faults, but they are not designed to work alone. AI tools and other software are at their best when they work in tandem with human experts.