火焰探测器及几种探测器类型

什么是火焰探测器？

火焰检测器是一种可以检测并响应火焰存在的传感器。这些探测器能够识别无烟液体和可能产生明火的烟雾。例如，在锅炉炉膛中，火焰探测器被广泛使用，因为火焰探测器可以探测热量、烟雾和火灾。这些设备还可以根据空气温度和空气运动检测火灾。火焰探测器使用紫外线 (UV) 或红外线 (IR) 技术来识别火焰，这意味着它们可以在不到一秒的时间内发出火焰警报。火焰探测器将根据其安装对火焰的探测做出响应，例如它可以发出警报、关闭燃料管线，甚至启动灭火系统。

What is a Flame Detector?

A flame detector is a type of sensor that can detect and respond to the presence of a flame. These detectors have the ability to identify smokeless liquid and smoke that can create open fire. For example, in boiler furnaces flame detectors are widely used, as a flame detector can detect heat, smoke, and fire. These devices can also detect fire according to the air temperature and air movement. The flame detectors use Ultraviolet (UV) or Infra-Red (IR) technology to identify flames meaning they can alert to flames in less than a second. The flame detector would respond to the detection of a flame according to its installation, it could for example sound an alarm, deactivate the fuel line, or even activate a fire suppression system.

你会在哪里找到这些探测器？

• 工业仓库

• 化学品生产厂

• 化学品商店

• 汽油储存和泵站

• 弧焊车间

• 发电厂

• 变电站

• 地下隧道

• 电机试验台

• 木材商店

Where would you find these Detectors?

• Industrial warehouses

• Chemical production plants

• Chemical stores

• Petrol storage and pump stations

• Arc welding workshops

• Power plants

• Transformer stations

• Underground tunnels

• Motor testbeds

• Wood stores

火焰监测系统的组成部分是什么？它是否有效？

火焰探测器系统的主要组成部分是探测器本身。它由光电检测电路、信号调理电路、微处理器系统、I/O电路和风冷系统组成。火焰探测器中的传感器检测火焰发出的辐射，光电将火焰的辐射强度信号转换成相应的电压信号，该信号在单片机中进行处理，转换成所需的输出。

What are the Components of a Flame Monitoring System and does it work?

The major component of a flame detector system is the detector itself. It comprises of photoelectric detective circuits, signal conditioning circuits, microprocessor systems, I/O circuits, and wind cooling systems. The sensors in the flame detector will detect the radiation that is sent by the flame, the photoelectric converts the radiant intensity signal of the flame to a relevant voltage signal and this signal would be processed in a single chip microcomputer and converted into a desired output.

火焰探测器有多少种类型，它们是如何工作的？

How many types of Flame Detectors are there and how do they work?

有 5 种不同类型的火焰探测器：紫外线、红外线以及它们组合的紫外线-红外线、多光谱红外、视觉火焰成像。

There are 5 different types of flame detector: Ultra-Violet, Infra-Red and a combination of them both Ultra-Violet-Infra-Red ,Multi-Spectrum Infrared ,Visual Flame Imaging.

紫外线 (UV)

这种类型的火焰探测器通过检测点火点处的紫外线辐射来工作。几乎所有的火灾都会发出紫外线辐射，因此在发生火焰的情况下，传感器会意识到它并产生一系列脉冲，这些脉冲由探测器电子设备转换为警报输出。 

紫外检测器有优点也有缺点。紫外检测器的优点包括高速响应、对碳氢化合物、氢气和金属火灾的响应能力。另一方面，紫外线探测器的缺点包括对远距离的焊接有反应，而且它们还可能对闪电、火花等有反应。

Ultra-Violet (UV)

This type of flame detector works by detecting the UV radiation at the point of ignition. Almost entirely all fires emit UV radiations, so in case of the flame, the sensor would become aware of it and produce a series of the pulses that are converted by detector electronics into an alarm output. 

There are advantages and disadvantages of a UV detector. Advantages of UV detector include High-speed response, the ability to respond to hydrocarbon, hydrogen, and metal fires. On the other hand, the disadvantages of UV detectors include responding to welding at long range, and they may also respond to lightning, sparks, etc.

红外线 (IR)

红外火焰探测器的工作原理是检查红外光谱带中是否存在热气体释放的某些装饰物。然而，这种类型的设备需要火焰的闪烁运动。红外辐射不仅可能由火焰发出，还可能由烤箱、灯等发出，因此误报风险较高

Infra-Red (IR)

The infra-red flame detector works by checking the infrared spectral band for certain ornamentation that hot gases release. However, this type of device requires a flickering motion of the flame. The IR radiation may not only be emitted by flames, but may also be radiated from ovens, lamps, etc. Therefore, there is a higher risk for a false alarm

紫外-红外

这种类型的探测器能够同时检测紫外和红外辐射，因此它同时具有紫外和红外传感器。两个传感器单独操作与所描述的相同，但由于存在两个传感器，因此存在两个电路处理信号的补充。因此，组合检测器比单独的紫外或红外检测器具有更好的误报抑制能力。

虽然紫外/红外火焰探测器各有优缺点。优点包括高速响应和不受误报的影响。另一方面，紫外/红外火焰探测器的缺点包括它不能用于非碳火灾以及只能检测到不能单独发射紫外/红外辐射的火灾。 

UV-IR

This type of detector is capable to detect both the UV and IR radiations, so it possesses both the UV and IR sensor. The two sensors individually operate the same as those described, but supplementary both circuitry processes signals are present due to there being both sensors. Consequently, the combined detector has better false alarm rejection capability than the individual UV or IR detector.

Although there are advantages and disadvantages of UV/IR flame detector. Advantages include High-speed response and are immune to the false alarm. On the other hand, the disadvantages of UV/IR flame detector include the issue that it cannot be used for non-carbon fires as well as only being able to detect fires that emits both the UV/IR radiation not individually. 

多光谱红外 (MSIR)

多光谱红外 (MSIR) 火焰探测器使用许多红外波长来进一步区分产生火焰的辐射和不产生火焰的辐射源。它们能够在室内和室外最远 200 英尺的距离内快速响应火灾。

MSIR 火焰探测器即使在烟雾最浓的火灾中也能够探测到火焰，并且它们不太可能因周围环境中的照明、阳光或其他热物体而导致误报。

Multi-Spectrum Infrared (MSIR)

Multi-spectrum infrared (MSIR) flame detectors use many infrared wavelengths to further distinguish flame-producing radiation from non-flame-production radiation sources. They’re capable of responding quickly to fires within a distance of up to 200 feet, both indoors and outdoors.

MSIR flame detectors are also capable of detecting flames even amidst the smokiest of fires, and they’re not likely to cause false alarms due to lighting, sunlight, or other hot objects in the surrounding environment.

视觉火焰成像

视觉火焰成像火焰探测器使用电荷耦合器件 (CCD) 图像传感器来识别火灾的存在。这些传感器处理来自 CCD 的实时视频，以分析可能的火源的形状和增长，这有助于它们区分它是否是真正的火灾危险。

这种类型的火焰探测器的一个优点是它不依赖二氧化碳或其他燃烧产物的排放来探测火灾。但一个缺点是它们无法检测人眼看不见的火焰，例如氢火焰。

Visual Flame Imaging

Visual flame imaging flame detectors use charged couple device (CCD) image sensors to identify the presence of a fire. These sensors process the live video from the CCD to analyze possible fire sources’ shapes and growth, which helps them distinguish whether or not it’s an actual fire hazard.

One advantage of this type of flame detector is that it doesn’t rely on the emission of carbon dioxide or other combustion products to detect fires. But one disadvantage is that they’re not capable of detecting fires invisible to the human eye, like hydrogen flames.